Female Pharaohs | List of Ancient Egyptian Queens Rulers and co-rulers, Name, Bio, Facts, History, Photos, Pharaoh Timeline and more…
Discover with us a complete list with descriptions, explanations, and pictures of all the queens of the ancient Egyptian Pharaonic dynasties that ruled Egypt, those who participated in ruling the throne of ancient Egypt with Egyptian Pharaohs kings, and those who did not participate, to discover secrets and historical facts that you did not know before.
There are only 4 Egyptian queens who ruled the throne of ancient Egypt alone after the death of the Pharaonic king of the Egyptian Pharaonic dynasties, in addition to other Egyptian queens who ruled in partnership with the husband, son, and brother, namely.
Starting from the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty to the rule of the throne of ancient Egypt, the rule was shared between the king and the queen, in addition to the legitimacy of the queen’s rule of the throne after the death of her husband. The most famous of them was Queen Cleopatra VII.
The queen or princess, the king’s daughter, was given religious positions such as priestesses of gods, goddesses, and deities, and they were painted on the walls of temples and funerary tombs throughout ancient Egyptian history.
Female Pharaohs
List of Ancient Egyptian Queens Rulers and co-rulers:
- Queen Merneith (First Dynasty, approx. 3200–2910 B.C.)
- Queen Khentkaus (Fourth Dynasty, 2613–2494 B.C.)
- Queen Ankhesenpepi II (Sixth Dynasty, 2345–2181 B.C.)
- Queen Neithhikret (Died 2181 B.C.)
- Queen Sobekneferu (Died 1802 B.C.)
- Queen Ashotep (1560–1530 B.C.)
- Queen Ahmose-Nefertari (1562–1495 B.C.)
- Queen Hatshepsut (1507–1458 B.C.)
- Queen Nefertiti (1370–1330 B.C.)
- Queen Twosret (Died 1189 B.C.)
- Queen Neithhotep
- Queen Khentkaus I
- Queen Khentkaus II
- Queen Iput I
- Queen Ankhesenpepi II
- Queen Ahhotep I
- Queen Mutemwiya
- Queen Arsinoe II
- Queen Berenice II
- Queen Arsinoe III
- Queen Cleopatra I
- Queen Cleopatra II
- Queen Cleopatra III
- Queen Cleopatra IV
- Queen Berenice III
- Queen Cleopatra V
- Queen Cleopatra VI
- Queen Berenice IV
- Queen Cleopatra VII
- Queen Arsinoe IV
List of Ancient Egyptian Female Pharaohs:
Queens of First Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Neithhotep or Neith-hotep
Husband “Spouse’: King Narmer Sons: Hor-Aha Biography: The first Egyptian queen or woman to rule in the history of ancient Egypt, there are interpretations that she is the wife of King Hor-Aha. Burial Place: Tomb in Naqada Cemetery, Qena. |
| Queen Benerib
Husband “Spouse’: King Hor-Aha Biography: did not rule or participate in rule, “wife of the Pharaonic king.” Burial Place: Tomb B14 in Umm El Qa’ab Tombs, Abydos, Sohag. |
| Queen Khenthap or Khenet-Hapi
Husband “Spouse’: King Hor-Aha Sons: Djer. Biography: He had a religious role in the Pharaonic temples and their association with God Hapi. |
| Queen Herneith
Husband “Spouse’: King Djer Sons: Djet. Biography: She was the First Lady of the Royal Palace and did not rule. Burial Place: Royal Tomb in Saqqara no. S3507. |
| Queen Nakhtneith
Husband “Spouse’: King Djer Biography: She was the First Second of the Royal Palace and did not rule. Burial Place: Royal Tomb in Umm el-Qa’ab Tombs. |
| Queen Penebui
Husband “Spouse’: King Djer Biography: She was the First third of the Royal Palace and did not rule, there are theories that the cause of Queen Penebui death was her beheading “decapitation”. |
| Queen Merneith or Merit-neith, Meryt-Neith
Husband “Spouse’: King Djet. Sons: Den. Biography: She is considered the first queen to rule throughout history around the world. Burial Place: Royal Tomb in Umm el-Qa’ab Tombs. |
| Queen Seshemetka
Husband “Spouse’: King Den. Sons: Anedjib. |
| Queen Semat
Husband “Spouse’: King Den. |
| Queen Serethor
Husband “Spouse’: King Den. |
| Queen Betrest or Batyires, Batires
Husband “Spouse’: King Anedjib. Sons: King Semerkhet. |
Female Pharaohs – Queens of Second Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Nimaathap or Nima’at-Hapi, Nihap-ma’at
Husband “Spouse’: King Khasekhemwy. Sons: Djoser, Sekhemkhet, Sanakht. Biography: She did not rule or participate and had a religious role in the temples. Burial Place: Mastaba no. K1 in Beit Khallaf. |
Queens of Third Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Hetephernebti
Husband “Spouse’: King Djoser. Sons: Inetkaes. Biography: She did not rule or participate in government and was the first lady in the royal palace. |
| Queen Djeseretnebti or Djeseret-Ankh-Nebti
Husband “Spouse’: King Sekhemkhet. |
| Queen Djefatnebti or Djefatnebty
Husband “Spouse’: King Huni. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Meresankh I
Husband “Spouse’: King Huni. Sons: Sneferu. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
Queens of Fourth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Hetepheres I
Husband “Spouse’: King Sneferu. Sons: Hetepheres, Khufu. Biography: She is distinguished by her being of royal-Pharaonic origin. She is the daughter of King Huni, the wife of King Sneferu, the founder of the Fourth Dynasty, and the mother of King Khufu, the owner of the Great Pyramid of Giza of the The Pyramids of Giza. She did not rule or participate, and she was the first lady in the royal palace.. Burial place: Royal Cemetery No. G 7000x in the Giza Pyramids area. Antiquities: Alabaster vessels, a wooden box, a stone sarcophagus, gold jewelry and bracelets, a box of canopic vessels, all royal furniture. |
| Queen Meritites I
Husband “Spouse’: King Khufu. Sons: Kawab, Djedefre. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Pyramid G1-b. Discoveries: Pyramid of Queen Meritites I “G1-b”. |
| Queen Henutsen
Husband “Spouse’: King Khufu. Sons: Khafra, Khufukhaf I, Minkhaf I. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Queen Henutsen “G1c”. |
| Queen Khentetka or Khentetenka
Husband “Spouse’: King Djedefre. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statues. |
| Queen Meresankh II
Husband “Spouse’: Prince Horbaef, King Djedefre . Sons: Princess Nefertkau III, Princess Nebty-tepites, Prince Djaty. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Mastaba No. G7410 – 7420 with her husband Horbaef. Discoveries: stone coffin made of red granite. |
| Queen Hetepheres II
Husband “Spouse’: Prince Kawab, Djedefre . Sons: Duaenhor, Kaemsekhem, Mindjedef, Meresankh III, Neferhetepes. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statues. |
| Queen Meresankh III
Husband “Spouse’: King Khafre. Sons: Nebemakhet, Duaenre, Niuserre, Khenterka. Biography: She did not rule or participate in government. Burial place: Mastaba No. G7530-5440 in Giza. Discoveries: Stone coffin, Skeleton, Stone statue. |
| Queen Khamerernebty I
Husband “Spouse’: king Khafra. Sons: Menkaure, Queen Khamerernebty II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Persenet or Personet, Per-sent
Husband “Spouse’: king Khafra. Sons: Nikaure. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb LG 88 in Giza. |
| Queen Hekenuhedjet
Husband “Spouse’: king Khafra. Sons: Sekhemkare. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Khamerernebty II
Husband “Spouse’: King Menkaure. Sons: Sekhemkare. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statue. |
| Queen Rekhetre
Husband “Spouse’: king Menkaure. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb no. G8530 in Giza. |
| Queen Bunefer
Husband “Spouse’: King Shepseskaf. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb no. G8408 in Giza. |
Female Pharaohs – Queens of Fifth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Khentkaus I or Khentkawes
Husband “Spouse’: king Userkaf. Sons: Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai. Biography: She ruled the throne of ancient Egypt. Discoveries: Tomb of Queen Khentkaus I, Pyramid of Khentkaus I in Giza Plateau. |
| Queen Neferhetepes
Husband “Spouse’: King Userkaf. Sons: Sahure. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Meretnebty
Husband “Spouse’: King Sahure. Sons: Neferirkare Kakai, Horemsaf, Netjerirenre, Khakare, Nebankhre, Shepseskare. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Khentkaus II
Husband “Spouse’: King Neferirkare Kakai. Sons: Neferefre, Nyuserre Ini. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Khentkaus II in Abusir. |
| Queen Khentkaus III or Khentakawess III
Husband “Spouse’: King Neferefre. Sons: Menkauhor Kaiu, Shepseskare. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Tomb of Queen Khentkaus III in Abusir. |
| Queen Reptynub or Repytnub, Reputnebu
Husband “Spouse’: King Nyuserre Ini. Sons: Reputnebty, Khentykauhor. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Khuit I
Husband “Spouse’: King Menkauhor Kaiu. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Mastaba D14 in Saqqara. |
| Queen Meresankh IV
Husband “Spouse’: King Menkauhor Kaiu. Sons: Raemka, Kaemtjenent, Isesi-ankh. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries:Tomb No. 82 in Saqqara. |
| Queen Setibhor
Husband “Spouse’: King Djedkare Isesi. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Setibhor. |
| Queen Nebet
Husband “Spouse’: king Unas. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Double royal cemetery in Saqqar. |
| Queen Khenut
Husband “Spouse’: King Unas. Sons: Unas-ankh. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Double royal cemetery in Saqqar. |
| Queen Nimaethap II or Nymaathap
Husband “Spouse’: King. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Mastaba no. G4712 in Giza. |
Female Pharaohs – Queens of Sixth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Iput I
Husband “Spouse’: king Teti. Sons: Pepi I. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Queen Iput in Saqqara. |
| Queen Khuit II
Husband “Spouse’: King Teti. Sons: Tetiankhkem. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Queen Khuit II. |
| Queen Khentkaus IV
Husband “Spouse’: King Teti. Sons: Userkare. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Naert
Husband “Spouse’: King Teti. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Ankhesenpepi I or Ankhenespepi I, Ankhenesmeryre I
Husband “Spouse’: king Pepi I Meryre. Sons: Merenre Nemtyemsaf. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Ankhesenpepi II or Ankhesenmeryre II
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I, King Merenre Nemtyemsaf. Sons: Pepi II. Biography: She participated in the government and served as guardian of her son in the first years of his rule. Discoveries: Stone statue, Pyramid Queen Ankhesenpepi II. |
| Queen Nubwenet or Nebuunet
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I. |
| Queen Inenek-Inti
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I. |
| Queen Mehaa
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I. Sons: Hornetjerkhet. |
| Queen Nedjeftet
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I. |
| Queen Weret-Yamtes
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I. |
| Queen Benehu
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi I. |
| Queen Neith
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi II. Sons: Merenre Nemtyemsaf II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Queen Neith. |
| Queen Iput II
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pyramid of Queen Iput II. |
| Queen Meritites IV or Meritites II
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Udjebten or Wedjebten
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi II. |
| Queen Ankhesenpepi III
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi II. |
| Queen Ankhesenpepi IV
Husband “Spouse’: King Pepi II. Sons: Neferkare II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone coffin. |
Queens of Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Tem
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Sons: Mentuhotep III. Biography: She did not rule or participate in government. Burial place: Tomb No. DBXI15 in Deir el-Bahari. |
| Queen Neferu II
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb No. TT319 in Deir el-Bahari. Discoveries: Funerary figurine statue. |
| Queen Ashayet or Ashait
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb No. DBXI17 in Deir el-Bahari. Discoveries: Stone Coffin and Mummy. |
| Queen Henhenet
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb No. DBXI11 in Deir el-Bahari. Discoveries: Stone Sarcophagus and Mummy. |
| Queen Sadeh or Sadhe
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb No. DBXI7 in Deir el-Bahari. |
| Queen Kawit
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb No. DBXI9 in Deir el-Bahari. Discoveries: Stone Sarcophagus. |
| Queen Kemsit
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Burial place: Tomb TT308 in Deir el-Bahari. Discoveries: Stone Sarcophagus and Mummy. |
| Queen Imi
Husband “Spouse’: King Mentuhotep III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
Female Pharaohs – Queens of Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Neferitatjenen
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat I. Sons: Senusret I. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Neferu III
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret I. Sons: Amenemhat II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. |
| Queen Keminub
Husband “Spouse’: king Amenemhat II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone Sarcophagus. |
| Queen Kaneferu
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat II. |
| Queen Senet
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat II. |
| Queen Khenemetneferhedjet I Weret
Husband “Spouse’: king Senusret II. Sons: Senusret III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statue. |
| Queen Nofret II
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statue. |
| Queen Itaweret
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: wooden coffin, canopic box. |
| Queen Khenmet
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: wooden coffin, jewelry, Necklace. |
| Queen Sithathoriunet
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret III. Sons: Amenemhat III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Pectoral and necklace, Crown. |
| Queen Khenemetneferhedjet II
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Jewellery. |
| Queen Neferthenut
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone Sarcophagus. |
| Queen Meretseger
Husband “Spouse’: King Senusret III. |
| Queen Aat
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: jewels, stone sarcophagus, burial equipment, alabaster bowls, mace heads. |
| Queen Khenemetneferhedjet III
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: stone sarcophagus, alabaster bowls. |
| Queen Hetepti
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat III. Sons: Amenemhat IV. |
| Queen Sobekneferu or Neferusobek
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenemhat IV. Biography: She ruled the throne of ancient Egypt for 4 years. Discoveries: stone statues, cylinder seal. |
Queen of Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Nofret
Husband “Spouse’: King Ameny Qemau. |
| Queen Nubhetepti
Husband “Spouse’: King Hor Awibre. |
| Queen Seneb I “henas”
Husband “Spouse’: King Userkare Khendjer. |
| Queen Senebhenas
Husband “Spouse’: King Sobekhotep III. |
| Queen Neni
Husband “Spouse’: King Sobekhotep III. |
| Queen Senebsen
Husband “Spouse’: King Neferhotep I. |
| Queen Tjan
Husband “Spouse’: King Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV. Sons: Amenhotep. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: bead necklace, scarab, wooden box. |
| Queen Nubhotepti
Husband “Spouse’: King Sobekhotep VI. |
| Queen Ineni “Ini, Inni”
Husband “Spouse’: King Merneferre Ay. |
Queens of Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Tati
Husband “Spouse’: King Sheshi. |
Queens of Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Tani
Husband “Spouse’: King Apepi. |
Queens of Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Mentuhotep
Husband “Spouse’: King Djehuti. Discoveries: Canopic utensil box with wooden cosmetic boxes. |
| Queen Sitmut
Husband “Spouse’: King Merankhre Mentuhotep VI. |
Queens of Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Nubemhat
Husband “Spouse’: King Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I. |
| Queen Nubkhaes II
Husband “Spouse’: King Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf II. |
| Queen Sobekemsaf
Husband “Spouse’: King Intef VII. |
| Queen Haankhes
Husband “Spouse’: King Intef VIII. Sons: Ameni. |
| Queen Tetisheri
Husband “Spouse’: King Senakhtenre Ahmose. Sons: Seqenenre Tao, Kamose. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statue. |
| Queen Ahhotep I
Husband “Spouse’: King Seqenenre Tao. Sons: Ahmose I, Ahmose Sapair, Binpu. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Royal Coffin in the Deir el-Bahari cache, Royal Jewelry. |
| Queen Ahmose Henuttamehu or Ahmose-Inhapi, Anhapou
Husband “Spouse’: King Seqenenre Tao. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Tomb of Queen Inhabi in Thebes, mummy. |
| Queen Sitdjehuti
Husband “Spouse’: King Seqenenre Tao. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: coffin, golden mask, scarab heart. |
| Queen Ahhotep II
Husband “Spouse’: King Kamose. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Royal tomb in the Tombs of Abu al-Naga Arm, jewelry, coffin, mummy, jewelry. |
Queens of Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Ahmose Nefertari
Husband “Spouse’: King Ahmose I. Sons: Amenhotep I, Ahmose-ankh, Siamun, Ramose, Ahmose-Meritamun, Mutnofret, Ahmose-Sitamun. Biography: She shared the rule with her two sons, Prince Kams and Ahmose. Discoveries: Mummy, Tomb No. TT359 in Deir el-Medina. |
| Queen Ahmose-Sitkamose “Sitkamose”
Husband “Spouse’: King Ahmose I. Discoveries: Mummy. |
| Queen Ahmose-Henuttamehu
Husband “Spouse’: King Ahmose I. Discoveries: Mummy. |
| Queen Ahmose-Meritamun or Ahmose-Meritamon
Husband “Spouse’: king Amenhotep I. Discoveries: Royal tomb No. TT358 in Deir el-Bahari, coffin, limestone statue. |
| Queen Sitkamose
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep I. |
| Queen Ahmose
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose I. Sons: Hatshepsut, Neferubity. |
| Queen Mutnofret
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose I. Sons: Thutmose II. |
| Queen Hatshepsut
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose II. Sons: Thutmose II. Biography: She ruled the throne of ancient Egypt for 22 years. Discoveries: Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut in Deir El Bahari, Queen Hatshepsut’s obelisk in Karnak and Aswan, stone statues, Royal Tomb of Queen Hatshepsut | KV60 in the Valley of the Kings. |
| Queen Iset
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose II. Sons: Thutmose III. |
| Queen Satiah or Sitiah, Sitioh
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. Sons: Prince Amenemhat. |
| Queen Merytre-Hatshepsut or Hatshepsut-Meryet-Ra
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. Sons: Menkheperre, Amenhotep II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Tomb of Queen Merytre-Hatshepsut Ra | KV42. |
| Queen Nebtu
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. |
| Queen Menhet
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. |
| Queen Menwi
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. |
| Queen Merti
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. |
| Queen Nebsemi
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose III. |
| Queen Tiaa or Tia’a
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep II. Sons: Thutmose IV. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Queen Tia’a tomb | KV32. |
| Queen Nefertari
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose IV. |
| Queen Iaret
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose IV. |
| Queen Mutemwiya or Mutemwia, Mutemuya, Mutemweya
Husband “Spouse’: King Thutmose IV. Sons: Amenhotep III. Discoveries: Granite statue. |
| Queen Tiye or Tye, Taia, Tiy, Tiyi
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep III. Sons: Thutmose, Akhenaten. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: stone statues, mummy, golden mask. |
| Queen Gilukhipa
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep III. |
| Queen Sitamun or Sitamen, Satamun
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep III. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: engraved stones, funerary furniture, royal throne chair. |
| Queen Iset or Aset
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep III. |
| Queen Tadukhipa
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenhotep III and King Akhenaten. |
| Queen Nefertiti
Husband “Spouse’: King Akhenaton. Sons: Meritaten, Meketaten, Ankhesenamun, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Neferneferure, Setepenre. Biography: Shared rule with King Tut. Discoveries: Stone statues. |
| Queen Kiya
Husband “Spouse’: King Akhenaten. Sons: King Tut. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statues, Unguent jar, alabaster canopic jar. |
| Queen Meritaten or Merytaten, Meritaton, Meryetaten
Husband “Spouse’: king Smenkhkare. Sons: Meritaten Tasherit. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statues. |
| Queen Ankhesenamun
Husband “Spouse’: King Akhenaten, King Tutankhamun, Ay. Sons: Meritaten Tasherit. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statues. |
| Queen Tey
Husband “Spouse’: king Ay. |
| Queen Mutnedjmet or Mutnodjmet, Mutnedjemet
Husband “Spouse’: King Horemheb. Discoveries: Stone statues. |
| Queen Nebetnehat |
Queens of Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Sitre or Tia-Sitre
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses I. Sons: Seti I. Discoveries: Tomb No. QV38 in the Valley of the Queens Tombs. |
| Queen Tuya or Tuy, Muat-Tuya
Husband “Spouse’: King Seti I. Sons: Ramesses II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Stone statues, tomb No. QV80 in the Valley of the Queens, Luxor. |
| Queen Tanedjemet or Tanedjemy, Tanodjmy
Husband “Spouse’: King Seti I. Discoveries: Tomb No. QV33 in the Valley of the Queens. |
| Queen Nefertari or Nefertari Meritmut
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramses II. Sons: Amun-her-khepeshef, Pareherwenemef, Meryatum, Meryre, Meritamen, Henuttawy, Baketmut, Nefertari, Nebettawy. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Tomb of Nefertari No. QV66 in the Valley of the Queens, Temple of Abu Simbel in Aswan. |
| Queen Isetnofret or Isis-nofret, Isitnofret
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. Sons: Ramesses, Bintanath, Khaemwaset, Merenptah, Isetnofret. |
| Queen Henutmire
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. Discoveries: Tomb No. QV75 in the Valley of the Queens, a coffin. |
| Queen Maathorneferure
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. |
| Queen Meritamen
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Tomb No. QV68 in the Valley of the Queens, stone statues. |
| Queen Bintanath or Bentanath
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. Discoveries: Tomb No. QV71 in the Valley of the Queens, inner coffin, stone statues. |
| Queen Nebettawy
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. Discoveries: Cemetery No. QV60 in the Valley of the Queens. |
| Queen Merytre
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses II. |
| Queen Isetnofret or Isis-nofret, Isitnofret
Husband “Spouse’: king Merneptah. Sons: Seti II, Merenptah, Khaemwaset. |
| Queen Takhat
Husband “Spouse’: King Seti II. Sons: Amenmesse. |
| Queen Twosret
Husband “Spouse’: King Seti II. Sons: Seti-Merenptah. Biography: She ruled the throne of ancient Egypt for seven years. Discoveries: Tomb of Tausert No. KV14 in the Valley of the Kings. |
| Queen Tiaa or Tiya, Tiy
Husband “Spouse’: King Seti II. |
| Queen Sutailja
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenmesse. |
| Queen Tiya
Husband “Spouse’: King Amenmesse. |
Queens of Twentieth Egyptian Dynasty: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Tiy-merenese or Teye-Merenaset, Tiye-Mereniset
Husband “Spouse’: King Setnakhte. Sons: Ramesses III. |
| Queen Iset Ta-Hemdjert or Isis Ta-Hemdjert
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramses III. Sons: Ramesses VI. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Cemetery No. QV51 in the Valley of the Queens. |
| Queen Tyti
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses III. Sons: Ramesses IV, Khaemwaset, Amun-her-khepeshef, Ramesses-Meryamen. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Tomb of Queen Tyti No. QV52 in the Valley of the Queens. |
| Queen Tiye
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses III. Sons: Pentawer. Biography: She participated in the harem conspiracy to kill King Ramesses III. |
| Queen Duatentopet or Tentopet
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses IV. Sons: Ramesses V. Discoveries: Tomb No. QV74 in the Valley of the Queens. |
| Queen Henutwati or Ta-Henutwati
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramses V. |
| Queen Tawerettenru
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses V. |
| Queen Nubkhesbed
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramses VI. Sons: Ramesses VII, Amenherkhepshef, Panebenkemyt. |
| Queen Baketwernel or Baketwerel
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses IX. Sons:Ramesses X. Discoveries: Tomb No. KV10 in the Valley of the Kings. |
| Queen Tentamun
Husband “Spouse’: King Ramesses XI. |
Queens of Twenty-first Egyptian Dynasty:
| Queen Tentamun II
Husband “Spouse’: King Smendes. |
| Queen Mutnedjmet II
Husband “Spouse’: king Psusennes I. Sons: king Amenemope. |
| Queen Wiay
Husband “Spouse’: King Psusennes I. |
| Queen Karimala or Katimala, Kadimalo
Husband “Spouse’: king Siamun. |
| Queen Hrere
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Piankh. |
| Queen Nodjmet or Nedjmet, Notmit
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun King Herihor. Discoveries: The mummy of the queen was found in The Royal Cache of Deir el-Bahri. |
| Queen Duathathor-Henuttawy or Henuttawy, Henttawy
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Pinedjem I. Sons: Psusennes I, Masharta, Menkheperre. Discoveries: Mummy and coffins within the Deir el-Bahari cache. |
| Queen Isetemkheb
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Pinedjem I. |
| Queen Tentnabehenu
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Pinedjem I. |
| Queen Tayuheret
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Masaharta. |
| Queen Djedmutesankh
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Djedkhonsuefankh. |
| Queen Isetemkheb
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Menkheperre. Sons: Pinedjem II, Smendes II, Pasebkhanut ,Hori. |
| Queen Henuttawy or Henettawy
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Smendes II. |
| Queen Tahentdjehuty
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Smendes II. |
| Queen Isetemkheb D
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Pinedjem II. |
| Queen Neskhons or Nsikhonsou,
Husband “Spouse’: High Priests of Amun Pinedjem II. Sons: Nesitanebetashru. Biography: She did not rule or participate. Discoveries: Canopic jars, Mummy. |
Queens of Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Karomama A or Karamat
Husband “Spouse’: King Shoshenq I. Sons: Osorkon I. |
| Queen Patareshnes
Husband “Spouse’: King Shoshenq I. Sons: Nimlot. |
| Queen Maatkare B
Husband “Spouse’: king Osorkon I. Sons: Shoshenq. |
| Queen Tashedkhonsu
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon I. Sons: Takelot I. |
| Queen Shepensopdet
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon I. |
| Queen Nesitaudjatakhet or Nesi-taudjat-akhet
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon I. |
| Queen Nesitanebetashru
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon I. Sons: Harsiese. |
| Queen Kapes
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot I. Sons: Osorkon II. |
| Queen Karomama I
Husband “Spouse’: king Shoshenq II. Sons: Shoshenq, Hornakh. |
| Queen Isetemkheb
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon II. |
| Queen Djedmutesankh
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon II. |
| Queen Djedbastiusankh
Husband “Spouse’: king Shoshenq III. |
| Queen Tadibast
Husband “Spouse’: King Shoshenq III. |
| Queen Tentamenopet
Husband “Spouse’: King Shoshenq III. |
| Queen Tjesbastperu
Husband “Spouse’: King Shoshenq III. |
| Queen Tadibast or Tadibastet III
Husband “Spouse’: king Shoshenq V. Sons: Osorkon IV. |
Queens of Twenty-Third Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Karomama Meritmut or Karomama II
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot II. Sons: Osorkon III. |
| Queen Tashep
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot II. |
| Queen Tabeketenasket
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot II. |
| Queen Tentsai
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon III. |
| Queen Karoadjet
Husband “Spouse’: King Osorkon III. |
| Queen Irtiubast
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot III. |
| Queen Kakat
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot III. |
| Queen Betjet
Husband “Spouse’: King Takelot III. |
Queens of Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Pebatjma or Pebatma
Husband “Spouse’: King Kashta. Sons: Piye, Shabaka. |
| Queen Tabiry
Husband “Spouse’: king Piye. |
| Queen Abar
Husband “Spouse’: King Piye. Sons: Taharqa. |
| Queen Khensa or Khenensaiuw
Husband “Spouse’: King Piye. |
| Queen Peksater or Pekerslo
Husband “Spouse’: King Piye. |
| Queen Nefrukekashta
Husband “Spouse’: King Piye. |
| Queen Arty
Husband “Spouse’: king Shebitku. |
| Queen Qalhata
Husband “Spouse’: king Shabaka. Sons: Tantamani. |
| Queen Mesbat
Husband “Spouse’: King Shabaka. Sons: Haremakhet. |
| Queen Tabekenamun or Tabakenamun
Husband “Spouse’: King Taharqa. |
| Queen Takahatenamun or Takahatamun, Takhahatamani
Husband “Spouse’: King Taharqa. |
| Queen Naparaye
Husband “Spouse’: King Taharqa. |
| Queen Atakhebasken or Akhetbasaken
Husband “Spouse’: King Taharqa. |
| Queen Piankharty
Husband “Spouse’: king Tantamani. |
| Queen Malaqaye
Husband “Spouse’: King Tantamani. |
Queens of Twenty-Sixth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Istemabet
Husband “Spouse’: King Necho I. Sons: Psamtik I. |
| Queen Mehytenweskhet or Mehtenweskhet
Husband “Spouse’: King Psamtik I. Sons: Necho II, Nitocris I, Meryetneith. |
| Queen Khedebneithirbinet I
Husband “Spouse’: king Necho II. Sons: Psamtik II. |
| Queen Takhuit
Husband “Spouse’: king Psamtik II. Sons: king Apries. Discoveries: Royal tomb in Athribis, Banha, stone sarcophagus and heart scarab. |
| Queen Tentkheta or Tanetkheta
Husband “Spouse’: king Amasis II. Sons: Khnum-ib-Re, king Psamtik III. |
| Queen Nakhtubasterau or Nakhtbastetiru
Husband “Spouse’: King Amasis II. Sons: Pasenenkhonsu, Ahmose. Discoveries: black granite coffin. |
| Queen Ladice or Ladice of Cyrene
Husband “Spouse’: King Amasis II. |
| Queen Khetbeneiterboni II
Husband “Spouse’: King Amasis II. |
| Queen Tadiasir
Husband “Spouse’: King Amasis II. |
Queens of Twenty-Seventh Dynasty of Egypt: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Atossa
Husband “Spouse’: King Cambyses, King Darius I. Sons: Xerxes I, Achaemenes, Masistes, Hystaspes. |
| Queen Roxane
Husband “Spouse’: King Cambyses. |
| Queen Phaidyme
Husband “Spouse’: King Bardiya, King Darius I. |
| Queen Artystone
Husband “Spouse’:King Darius I. Sons: Arsames, Gobryas. |
| Queen Parmys
Husband “Spouse’:King Darius I. Sons: Ariomardus. |
| Queen Phratogune
Husband “Spouse’:King Darius I. Sons: Abrokomas, Hyperantes. |
| Queen Amestris
Husband “Spouse’: King Xerxes I. Sons: Darius, Hystaspes, Artaxerxes I, Achaemenes. |
| Queen Damaspia
Husband “Spouse’: King Artaxerxes I. Sons: Xerxes II. |
| Queen Alogyne
Husband “Spouse’: King Artaxerxes I. Sons: Sogdianus. |
| Queen Cosmartidene
Husband “Spouse’: King Artaxerxes I. Sons: Darius II, Arsites. |
| Queen Andia
Husband “Spouse’: King Artaxerxes I. Sons: Bogapaeus. |
| Queen Parysatis
Husband “Spouse’: King Darius II. Sons: Artaxerxes II, Cyrus, Artostes, Ostanes, Oxendra. |
Queens of Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Khedebneithirbinet II
Husband “Spouse’: King Nectanebo II. |
Queens of Thirty-First Dynasty of Egypt:
| Queen Atossa
Husband “Spouse’: King Artaxerxes III. Sons: Arses. |
| Queen Stateira
Husband “Spouse’: King Darius III. Sons: Ariobarzanes. |
Queens of the Macedonian Greeks dynasty: Female Pharaohs
| Queen Roxana “Roxanne, Roxanna, Rukhsana, Roxandra and Roxane”
Husband “Spouse’: King Alexander the Great. Sons: Alexander IV. |
| Queen Stateira or Homa
Husband “Spouse’: King Alexander the Great. |
| Queen Parysatis II
Husband “Spouse’: King Alexander the Great. |
| Queen Eurydice II of Macedon
Husband “Spouse’: King Philip III Arrhidaeus. |
Queens of the Greek and Ptolemaic era:
| Queen Eurydice
Husband “Spouse’: King Ptolemy I. Sons: Ptolemy Keraunos, Meleager, Agathocles, Argeus. |
| Queen Berenice I
Husband “Spouse’: King Ptolemy I. Sons: Ptolemy II. |
| Queen Arsinoe I
Husband “Spouse’: King Ptolemy II. Sons: Ptolemy III, Lysimachus. |
| Queen Arsinoe II |
| Queen Berenice II Euergetis |
| Queen Arsinoe III |
| Queen Cleopatra II |
| Queen Cleopatra III |
| Queen Berenice III |
| Queen Cleopatra V |
| Queen Cleopatra VII |
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Women in ancient Egypt | The most famous women are the Egyptian queens who sat on the throne of the Pharaonic civilization and what are the titles of the wives of the Pharaohs and more facts and secrets about the house nodding, slaves and servants of the Pharaonic era.
The Ancient Egyptians sage (Kagemeni) summarizes the place of women in his famous wisdom (teaching women to learn men… People learn) where the Egyptian woman had an important place in Egyptian society, she is the pillar of the family and the lady of the house(Nebet per) and she took care of her husband and children,and she helped her husband in the affairs of the house and a She worked close to home as fields and workshops for small crafts, especially textiles, and she accompanied her husband on fishing trips and mingled with men, with her husband, without a veil.
Women in ancient Egypt:
The scenes often depicted the woman smaller than her husband, but if her image was the size of her husband,she referred to her royal lineage, which she called “Shepeset Nessout”, i.e. the royal lady. . Her place in the early ages came after her husband and later her position deteriorated, relatively, to come after the status of the eldest son.
The image of kings and queens in ancient Egypt reflects the status of women such as those representing Akhenaten, his wife and their children. Women have had a large part in the inheritance of the throne where they go when there is no man, and women must come from a royal mother and royal blood at the heart of Egyptian law. Nothing in Egyptian law prevents a woman from inheriting the throne and her accession and reign, for example if the king dies and the woman is the eldest of his children, the throne will become his.
The most famous Egyptian women of the Pharaonic era:
Queen Merit Neith:
The first Egyptian queen to sit on the throne was from the first dynasty.
The Queen khenet kaw Es – Women in Ancient Egypt:
She is the daughter of the king (Mikerinos) and the wife of the last kings of the fourth dynasty (Shepsess Kaf), who built a Pharaonic Tombs in the style of mastaba and above a huge coffin in the extreme south of Guizeh, nicknamed “The mother of the king of the South and north”.
Queen Neith Iqeret, read Nitocriss:
She is the queen who reigned as Pharaoh at the end of the Sixth Dynasty and she ascended the throne for a period of 6 to 12 years, and Manethon (historian of Hellenistic Egypt) believes that she built the third pyramid (pyramid of Mikerinos ), and it is said that she was subjected to numerous plots that led to the death of her brother and drowned the murderers in the same river where her brother was murdered.
Queen Sobek-Neferu:
She is the daughter of King Amenemhat III and the sister of Amenemhat IV, and she was the wife of the latter and, after his death, she regained power because there was no male legitimate heir to the throne and at her death the era of the XII Dynasty ended, and she ruled for about three and a half years.
Queen Hatshepsut – Women in Ancient Egypt:
The meaning of her name (the most prominent noble ladies) was the Queen of Egypt (Pharaonne) of the era of the 18th dynasty (1508-1458) BC. Queen Hatshepsut was perhaps one of the most famous queens in history, the eldest daughter of King Thutmosis I of Egypt and his mother Queen Ahmose.
Her father, the king, had given birth to an illegitimate son, Thutmosis II, whom she had agreed to marry in order to justify her sitting on the throne, and she sharedpower strongly with him, then her husband died and gave birth to their son (Thutmosis III), who was young, and she sat on the throne as co-regent and queen, and justified her as the divine daughter of the God Amun and a representative of the God Horus.
She wore men’s royal clothes and wore a mustache and a beard. The country was ruled with great luxury and justice, active trade with Egypt’s neighbors, ordered the construction of several facilities at the Karnak Temple and established its temple in the site of Deir El Bahari in Luxor. She ordered that her son Thutmose III be raised in military education so that he could rule, and it went as she wanted.
Perhaps the greatest mystery of his life and age is his relationship with the famous architecte of his time (Senenmut), who built his temple in the master of Deir El Bahari, and was responsible for the education of his only daughter and they grew up with such a legendary romantic relationship that he dug a tunnel between his tomb and his grave, each of which mysteriously ended a mystery to this day.
Famous for his travels, Hatshepsut sent a large fleet into the Atlantic to import a rare species of fish, sent a mission to the land of Punt (Somalia) consisting of many ships across the Red Sea to the King of Punt, sent a mission to Aswan and sent two large obelisks of God Amun across the Nile to Thebes. and erected them at Karnak, and Napoleon transported one to Paris (which now adorns the Place de la Concorde there).
Among his most important titles, we can see (Maat Ka Ra= truth is The Spirit of Ra), (Usseret Kaw Es = Owner of Ability) (Udjat Renput = Queen of tribal and maritime faces), (The legacy of Shao = Divine Body) … etc
Queen Titi Sheri:
She is the wife of King Sqnen Ra Ta’a I, the mother of King Seqnen RaTa’a II and the mother of his wife (Iaah Hotep),originally royal, and lived patiently and vigorously the struggle of the Egyptians to expel the Hyksos, and she lost her husband, son and first grandson King Kames and she died under her second grandson King Ahmose I. Ahmose I built a pyramid at Abydos despite the presence of a tomb and a funeral temple at Thebes and ordered the construction of a chapel.
Queen Ahmose – Nefertari – Women in ancient Egypt:
She is the wife of King Ahmose I, the founder of the 18th dynasty and it was he who put the end of the Hyksos in history, she was a courageous and strong woman,she was recorded in history as the first woman and queen to hold the position of military division and fought alongside her husband, the daughter of the king’s wife, Iaah Hotep (Seqnen Ra). Ahmose Nefertari gave birth to seven children, all of whom died, with the exception of his son (Amenophis I) and daughter (Iaah Hotep II), who married his brother. She became her father’s guardian at the time of Ahmose’s death until he reached the age of majority and died at the beginning of the reign of Thutmosis I.
Queen Nefertiti – Women in Ancient Egypt:
The queen is the wife of Amenophis IV (Akhenaten) of the 18th dynasty and the mother-in-law of King Tutankhamun, and the meaning of her name (the beautiful came). Nefertiti supported her husband in his call for unification and worship of the God Aten, and she and her husband mediated between the God Aten and the people, and changed her name to “Nefer Neferu Aton Nefertiti” and its meaning (Aten shines because beauty has come) and gave birth to six daughters, one of whom married Tutankhamun and her name was Ankhs En pa Aton, and may have died after the twelfth year of her husband’s reign.
Queen Ta Usseret:
A queen of the 19th dynasty sat on the throne.
Queen Nefertari: Female Pharaohs
She is the main wife of King Ramses II, and her name means “the beloved and unparalleled,” one of Egypt’s most famous queens. Her name had been used for older queens such as Ahmose-Nefertari. Nefertari was of Nubian origin and married King Ramses II when he ascended the throne and remained his most important wife for 20 years.
At the temples of Abu Simbel, there are two large statues with four statues of her husband, and the tomb of Nefertari is one of the most important monuments of the Valley of the Queens. She was nicknamed several titles (the great royal wife, the lady of both lands, the queen of Upper and Lower Egypt), and served as the bride of God. Perhaps one of her most famous depictions is her drawings in her grave as she kneels worshipping behind her husband.
The non-reigning queens are (Iaah Hotep I, Ahmose Nefertari, Tyi and Nefertari).
Famous women from outside the royal families briefly include:
- Bint: She is the wife of the governor of one of the provinces of the sixth dynasty who bore the highest titles such as (governor, judge, pharaoh minister).
- Beshishbet: She was a physician who lived in the Fifth Dynasty and held the title of “chief physician,” as her tombstone points out.
- Tuya: Tuya is the daughter of the chief priest of Akhmim, the wife of Yuya, and the mother of Tyi, the wife of Amenophis III.
Female titles in ancient Egypt during the Pharaonic era:
Female Pharaohs. There are many titles of Egyptian women that reflect the place of women in Egyptian civilization, which is undoubtedly a high and important position, and we cannot mention all the titles here, but we will mention some educational and moral titles that we see the best and most beautiful, and we will describe them in this table:
| Surname | Means | The woman who called him. | Status | |
| .1 | Abu Ett | The heiress. | Hor Hetep Nepty | The daughter of King Djeser |
| .2 | Nefert Sekher | Good review | It | The wife of a staff member during the reign of Thutmosis IV |
| .3 | Merit ib es | Darling of her husband. | Khti | Khnum Hetep’s wife |
| .4 | Khemeneset | Friend | Sebk Nkht | ———- |
| .5 | Henut Merit per | Lady of his subjects | Khti | Khnum Haty’s wife |
| .6 | Herit per | The head of the house. | Any, Aso, Sat Amon, Nakhty, Sawsart. | Women of the 12th Dynasty |
| .7 | NebetRedjer | Lady of the Universe | I have been nicknamed the wife of high-ranking statesmen. | The wife of King Sesostris I. |
| .8 | Hemet eF enti iret- ib Ef. | His wife is stable in his heart. |
Nodds, slaves and servants in the Pharaonic civilization: Female Pharaohs
Slaves were a clearly visible group and in the early ages of Egypt in the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom of the poor of Egypt who had no work and no peasants, and they worked in forced labor without wages other than their daily strength, or at very low wages, and thousands of slaves, and perhaps soldiers worked with them inthe construction and cutting of large blocks of stone, their tools were simple consisting of axes, levers and latches (where there were not yet lifting rollers), and they perhaps worked in the manufacture of artificial hills on which temples, religious or royal monuments were built, and in the pyramids we have the most brilliant examples of the elaborate and frequent use over the years of thousands of slaves who were managed by administrative bodies, clerks and engineers organizing and classifying their works.
In Egyptian society, slavery spread, and war was a source of prisoners and therefore slavery (Ethiopians and Libyans) that kings brought from their conquests. In his inscriptions, a monarch of the Fourth Dynasty claims to have captured 100,000 prisoners and again 7,000. But except for these prisoners.
Female Pharaohs. Among the slaves were enslaved Egyptians: the descent of free peoples into slaves is mentioned in inscriptions dating from the end of the ancient empire, and it is also known that slaves were bought and sold. Their lives are nothing more than a place of assumptions. If slavery remains paternalistic, slaves do not occupy a special place in the process of production, free people and even aristocrats, masters, and priests, who participate in agricultural and other work.
Women in ancient Egypt: Female Pharaohs
With the New Kingdom and the expansion of Egypt into an empire, prisoners of war became the main source of slaves who contributed to the construction of the beautiful city of Thebes in its urban facilities. Wars gave rise to slavery, slavery and families at that time, and continued until the end of the Ptolemaic era. The sight of painted and stone paintings of thousands of prisoners dragged behind the vehicles of Egyptian warriors and rulers was proof of this, as Egyptian cities were filled with it from time to time.
Female Pharaohs. But we must emphasize that the idea of slavery was at the heart of the idea of Pharaonic domination in the first place, because anyone who did not belong to the Pharaoh’s family in terms of blood was a slave of the Pharaoh, who was a symbol of the state and the gods, and the rest of the people without the ruling class was called “public slaves” to separate them from the so-called “slave slaves”, who were prisoners of war and debtors who were treated as goods or animals and transported from one place to another as required.
Slavery in its specific sense was rare in Egypt, except in the wake of the great conquests. However, they were quickly absorbed. On the other hand, the bottle system, which left half of the freedom to those who had to submit to it, based on a limited but real legal status, was very common.
Female Pharaohs
On the banks of the Nile, therefore, we will not find those great enslaved masses who shame Greece and Rome in particular. The human herd, which was sold in the main markets, although there was no law, and whose number had been constantly increased by the war and by the prince, desecrated the entire classical history of Greece and Rome. The emergence of something that sometimes facilitates the fate of these wretched people is not enough to justify the existence of an institution that has attracted the strongest criticism of Philon the Alexandrian.
Female Pharaohs. despite its rigor and cruelty, was able to largely establish a space for the application of the universal human ideals formulated by its elders.
The house nods worked in the fields and at home as maids and their rights were not specifically known. The servants worked in the houses of the ruling class and supervision, and even these houses were run by employees who supervised the house stores, bakeries and barley contemporaries, and there were chief cooks, and there were housekeepers and gardeners.
Egyptian women from the royal and upper class enjoyed a great position in the field of writing, and distinguished writers emerged from them “And from the Eleventh Dynasty, (Khnuaudo), who served in the court of one of the wives of the pharaoh, refers to the excellent literary position his lady enjoyed, as he indicated her interest The establishment of a House of Culture in Dandara to educate and educate women, which indicates the role that women played at that stage in literary life alongside men.
Female Pharaohs
Female Pharaohs. Three documents from the Middle Kingdom were found in which women were given the title of writer, and it is most likely that they took the profession of writing from their fathers, as it was customary for this class to inherit that profession. And there is the mother of King Ahmose I of the New Kingdom, who was described as a scholar (Rakhtkhet), meaning the one who knows everything.
Among the effects of King Tutankhamun, a writing tool belonging to Princess Merytaton, daughter of King Akhenaten, was found, which is an inkwell and a pencil case, which indicates that she was practicing writing, and perhaps drawing. Some letters left behind from the Ramesside era were later used as educational models.
Female Pharaohs. It was written by some women, such as (Stika), the musician of Hathor, the music of the god Thothi, and another, the musician of Amun. From late times, there was the priest’s wife, Badi Osiris, who was famous for her good opinion on writing gods and her knowledge of hieroglyphic writing and more Education in Ancient Egypt.
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