Fifth Dynasty of Egypt | Facts Female Pharaohs and Egyptian Pharaohs kings of Old Kingdom of Egypt, History | Who Ruled pharaohs the 5th Dynasty, and more about Ancient Egypt History.
Facts, history and secrets of family 5 in the Ancient Egypt, who is the founder and most important of the Pharaohs and antiquities, and what are the most important achievements of the period of that family’s rule of the throne of ancient Egypt and more.
What happened in the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt?
- The periods of the rule of the Fifth Egyptian Dynasty were among the most important periods of the rule of Egypt.
- Where the Pharaohs or kings of the Fifth Egyptian Dynasty ruled in Egypt for an almost long period of time, which reached approximately 150 years.
- They ruled from the early twenty-fifth century BC and remained in power until the middle of the twenty-fourth century BC.
- Also, there is often an unintended merger between the Fifth Dynasty and the kings during the reign of the Third Dynasty of Egypt “3rd Dynasty“, the beginning of the rule of King Djoser, the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt “4th Dynasty“, the beginning of the rule of King Sneferu, and the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt “6th Dynasty“, the beginning of the rule of king Teti, but it is possible to succeed in combining the three of them and placing them under A title that confirms these periods together, which is the Old Egyptian Kingdom.
- In fact, there are the pyramids that were built in that era, and at the same time the Egyptian Tombs of most of the Pharaohs’ rule, including the kings of the Fifth Pharaonic Dynasty, in the area of the AbuSir Pyramids in Saqqara, the most famous Egypt Archaeological Sites, or as it is now known as Badrashin.
- One of those Egyptian Monuments in that period was the pyramid of King Sahure, along with the pyramid of Niuserre, as well as the remains of the Sun Temple, one of the most important funerary Egyptian Temples.
- We also all know a lot of information about the kings of the Fifth Egyptian Dynasty in Egypt, which had already ruled Egypt from 2504 to 2347 BC, and this is due to the structural traces they left behind and what we found in them, some of which we discovered from many texts written in the Ancient Egyptian Language.
- This period of rule in Egypt was also characterized by the success in building a number of pyramids, which were naturally smaller than those pyramids in Giza, which had been built by the kings during the rule of the Fourth Dynasty, indicating the extension of Architecture in ancient Egypt, Astronomy in ancient Egypt, and Ancient Egyptian science such as arithmetic.
- As we mentioned, all the pyramids of that Fifth Dynasty and most of its other architectural structures, along with their archaeological tombs, are located in the Abusir area.
- It is also wonderful to mention that during that period, one of their kings, King Nyuserre, had built a temple dedicated solely to the sun, which was located in the north of the Abu Sir area.
- The kings of that era of time in the Egyptian Fifth Pharaonic Dynasty were also forced to share rule in the country with a number of many princes and appoint with them notables in the state, as in Social Structure in Ancient Egypt.
- It was also during that period of rule that the administration of government had expanded in Egypt, as in the Geography of ancient Egypt, as a result of that, including all those who belonged to it from among the masses of workers.
- And also from these, we had found a number of texts and manuscripts in the many Ancient Egyptian Papyrus that gave a very logical idea about their way of living before, how Agriculture in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egyptian Sport, Medicine in ancient Egypt, and also about their beliefs that they believed in that time as in Ancient Egyptian religion.
What was the government of the Nile River Valley?
- In fact, let us emphasize that Manetho, who was the Greek historian at that time, believed that the rulers and kings of the Fifth Dynasty in Pharaonic Egypt were indeed able to rule the country from the Elephantine Island in Aswan region located in Upper Egypt.
- This is despite the fact that many archaeologists have found written texts that indicate that the center of rule of that Egyptian Fifth Dynasty was located in the city of Memphis in northern Egypt.
- Also, as was the case in the past during the rule of the dynasties before them, a number of trade missions had been active in ancient Egypt “Trade in Ancient Egypt” to the Wadi Mount Al-Maghara region located in Sinai in order to succeed in extracting both copper and turquoise, the most famous Ancient Egyptian Metallurgy, and they also carried out operations to extract gold from the land of Nubia. Those famous gneiss quarries at the Temple of Abu Simbel, which were built by King Ramses II with his wife Queen Nefertari of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt “19th Dynasty” during The New Kingdom period in ancient Egypt.
- The trade missions that were carried out to Puntland in the south of the Balaz were also active, to obtain a group of malachite stones, myrrh, and electrum, which was an alloy of gold and silver.
Who ruled the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt?
king Userkaf
Ruled Reign period : 2496–2491 BC
Mother: Queen Khentkaus I “”.
Wife: Queen Neferhetepes.
Children: Sahure, Khamaat.
The Discovery – Egyptian Antiquities :
Cylinder seal, Stone vessel, Fragment of an alabaster statue, Temple of God Montu and Temple of Al-Toud in Luxor, The Pyramid of Userkaf in Saqqara, the Funerary Temple of the Sun in Abu Sir “Sun temple Nekhenre“, a bust of the God Neith “Egyptian deities” made of gray stone, a statue of the king’s head made of pink granite, Pyramid of Neferhetepes.
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King Sahure or Sahura
Ruled Reign period in Ancient Egyptian Government: 2490–2477 BC “13 years”
Father: King Userkaf
Mother: Queen Neferhetepes II
Wife: Queen Meretnebty
Children: Ranefer, Netjerirenre, Horemsaf, Raemsaf, Khakare, Nebankhre.
The Discovery: Pyramid of Sahure in Abousir, Silver cylinder sealm, Sun temple, Palaces, Mortuary temple.
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King Neferirkare Kakai
Ruled Reign period Fifth Dynasty of Egypt: 2477–2467 BC
Father: King Sahure
Mother: Queen Meretnebty
Wife: Queen Khentkaus II
Children: Neferefre, Nyuserre Ini, Iryenre, Khentkaus III.
The Discovery: Pyramid Neferirkare in Abousir, Sun temple, Ritual vase
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King Neferefre Isi or Raneferef, Ranefer
Ruled Reign period: 2460–2458 BC
Father: King Neferirkare Kakai
Mother: Queen Khentkaus II.
Wife: Queen Khentkaus III
Children: Menkauhor Kaiu, Shepseskare, Nakhtsare.
The Discovery: Pyramid of Neferefre, Mortuary temple, Sun temple.
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King Shepseskare or Shepseskara
Ruled Reign period: 2426 –2419 BC
Father: King Neferirkare Kakai
Mother: Queen Khentkaus II.
Wife: Queen Khentkaus III
Children: Menkauhor Kaiu, Shepseskare, Nakhtsare.
The Discovery: Unfinished Pyramid of Shepseskare in Abusir, Sun temple, Mortuary temple.
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King Nyuserre Ini or Niuserre Ini or Neuserre Ini
Ruled Reign period Fifth Dynasty of Egypt: 2445–2422 BC “25 years”
Father: King Neferirkare Kakai
Mother: Queen Khentkaus II
Wife: Queen Reptynub
Children: Khamerernebty, Reputnebty, Sheretnebty, Khentykauhor, Okpo
The Discovery: Pyramid of Nyuserre Ini In Abu Sir, Fragmentary statue, Pyramid Lepsius XXIV, Sun Temple, statue Head of king.
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King Menkauhor Kaiu or Ikauhor
Ruled Reign period: 2422–2414 BC
Father: King Neferefre
Mother: Queen Khentkaus III
Wife: Queen Khuit I, Meresankh IV
Children: Raemka, Khaemtjenent
The Discovery: Pyramid of Menkauhor In Abu Sir & Pyramid in Saqqara, Sun temple, Seal from the tomb of the chief artist inscribed with scenes of the Pharaoh King.
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King Djedkare Isesi
Ruled Reign period: 2414–2375 BC “44 years”
Wife: Queen Setibhor
Children: Neserkauhor, Kekheretnebti, Meret-Isesi, Hedjetnebu, Nebtyemneferes, Raemka, Kaemtjenent, Isesi-ankh.
The Discovery: Part of a door jamb, Wooden statues, Alabaster vase bearing an inscription, Gold cylinder seal, Pyramid of Djedkare Isesi in Saqqara.
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king Unas or Wenis, Unis
Ruled Reign period Fifth Dynasty of Egypt: 2375–2345 BC “20-30 years”
Father: King Djedkare Isesi
Mother: Queen Setibhor
Wife: Queen Nebet, Queen Khenut
Children: Hemetre Hemi, Khentkaues, Neferut, Nefertkaues Iku, Sesheshet Idut.
The Discovery: Black Ancient Egyptian Coffins, Pyramid of Unas in Saqqara, Alabaster globular vase, Mortuary complex, Pharaonic Scarab bearing.
Date of birth: 2375 BC
Date of death: 2350 BC
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Note: Facts and secrets of the history of the Pharaoh kings of Fifth Dynasty of Egypt will be added soon…
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