Book of Amduat

Book of Amduat in Ancient Egypt | Facts Hidden Chamber & Texts of What is in the Underworld, Sacred books of the Pharaohs and tells the secrets of what exists in the other world, ancient Egyptian funerary texts, the history of the Ancient Egyptian religion, and more about Ancient Egypt History.

Facts of the texts of the Book of the Hereafter at the Pharaohs and secrets you did not know before The inscriptions of the book on the walls of the pharaonic Egyptian Tombs in the civilization of ancient Egypt and more.

Book of Amduat in Ancient Egypt

The Amduat Funeral Book, or what is known as the Book of the Hereafter, is an Egyptian funerary book dating back to the era of the modern state of ancient Egypt.

• It is one of the Pharaonic funerary books and was used on the walls of the royal Egyptian Tombs, starting with the tombs of the kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the era of The New Kingdom in ancient Egypt until the end of the rule of the kings of the Twentieth Egyptian Dynasty, which is the beginning of The Ramesside Period in the city of Thebes, and its use was completed by 100% in the Ptolemaic era. To rule ancient Egypt.
• Texts from “The Book of the Last Year” are found on the walls of the Tomb of King Thutmose I in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor.
• The content of the Book of Amduat includes the journey of the God Ra, the symbol of the sun, “which was drawn in the form of a symbol with the head of a ram and a snake around it and a group of The Egyptian Gods” during the night in the other world.
• The book consists of 12 chapters about the journey of the king’s body after death, starting with the funeral and then burying the body in the grave and coffin. Then the king’s soul begins to ascend to the top, to unite with the sun god, and his journey to the other world, “Aaru” begins.
• The texts of the Book of Amduat were written in a way that mirrored life on Earth, as the twelve hours in the book symbolized the hours of the night in the other world. The sun god was drawn on the middle row, and the ancient Egyptian gods, symbols and deities were drawn on the top row and the bottom row according to the number of hours of the night in the other world.
• The journey of the sun god begins in the first grade with the sun descending at sunset in the other world, and then at the end of the journey, it emerges from the other world at sunrise. “He was drawn in the form of a Khepri Scarab.”

What is the Book of Egyptian funerary text?

• Unlike other funerary books, Book of Amduat was used by the Egyptian Pharaohs kings and the nobles in the Ancient Egyptian Government until the era of the Twenty-first Egyptian Dynasty, the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt.
• The books come with a description of the journey of the dead and their transition to the other world and what difficulties they will encounter during their journey to the afterlife.
• He also mentions in the book spells as in Magic in ancient Egypt that help the ancient Egyptians in facing those difficulties that they will face during their journey.
• The Funeral Amdwat Book also contains the Account Test, which is the test that mentions before the servant his deeds in this world as in the law of Maat, the symbol of Law in Ancient Egypt.
• The god responsible for the trial is God Anubis and there is another god as well, God Thoth, and both of them determine the fate of the deceased, and the word Duat means the afterlife and comes with the star symbol.

the ends and afterthought of the gods and their beings (death and return of the gods):

The ends and the afterlife of the other world:

Book of Amduat. We did not find much text about the end of the world among the Egyptians, and there was little evidence about the consequences of the world, and as with all ancient and permanent cultures, the existing sources are vague and contradictory, and the few texts that deal with the end times imagine that there will be an inclined destruction that will take place and be followed by a return to the primitive cycle.

Although the Dwat can be considered an area, it is a state of existence rather than a zone, a situation in which creatures become when they die and leave their physical body, which is also the same state from which creatures come to incarnate in the world of phenomenon.

In other words, the Dwat is the world into which the dead go, and at the same time the world from which come to incarnate in the physical world, and as the sun is born every day on the eastern horizon of the womb of the celestial mother (Nut), the Dwat, all creatures – who come into existence – including humans – are born from the womb itself, all the things that come to incarnate in the apparent world come from the Dwat.

There Book of Amduat, creatures exist before they are born into our world, and there they return after liberating their physical body and leaving it. Although the Dwat is in the body of Nut, the divine entity that governs this inner world is not Nut, but her eldest son Osiris.

Ends and Life After Man:

The doctrines of Ba and immortality were born early in Egypt and may have spread to Paleolithic and matured into Neolithic-thanks to-Neolithic funerary habits. Egypt’s environment and climate were the right way to grow these ideas.

Perhaps the most important thing to agree on is what we have called the “post-death world” called Egypt (Twat or Dwat). The name of the (philosophical world) is wrong as in Ancient Egyptian Literature, which Budge sees, because this world does not fall under the earth, it may have been in the sky.

It is also called “hell” because the concept of hell among contemporaries represents strange ideas about most Egyptian religious schools, and because it is not only hell, but also a world of judgment and paradise, so it is not in heaven or paradise. The word “world of the dead” does not indicate the immortality or survival of people after death to know more about Mummification in ancient Egypt.

Book of Amduat. We therefore believe that the most appropriate word for this world is (the other world) or (the afterlife); it is a precise term that can indicate the diversity of this world and its worlds of judgment, paradise, hell and what lies between them. These are four worlds at once that do not fall to the top or just below (tomb – arithmetic – paradise – fire).

History of the Funeral Book of Amduat

• Book of Amduat comes in two copies, the first copy comes in more detail than the other, and that copy is called the book of the veiled rooms.
• The veiled rooms are the places of the soul as well as the gods and the righteous.
•  The book contains what God does to the deceased and what are the veiled spirits. The book also explains what happens in the first hours of the journey.
• The ancient Egyptian must know the doors and ways that lead to the Great God, as they must know the righteous and the corrupt who were completely banished from existence.
• Book of Amduat is considered one of the oldest books that talked about the afterlife. There are even some books that took this book as a reference.
• The aim of this book in the beginning is to serve the deceased pharaoh so that he can know the methods used in the journey to the afterlife.

Discovery of the Funeral Book

• Book of Amduat was discovered for the first time in the tomb of King Thutmose I, and a complete copy of the book was obtained.
• Another copy of the book was also found in the Tomb of King Thutmose III | KV34 who building by King Thutmose III in the Valley of the Kings.
• In the Tomb of King Sethi I | KV17 who building by King Seti I from Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt there is also a group of colorful drawings describing the early hours of the night.
• Among the other scenes that were found were the Tomb of Queen Hatshepsut | KV60, which was built during the era of Queen Hatshepsut, the The Tomb of Amenhotep III | KV22 / WV22, especially for King Amenhotep III, as well as the Tomb of King Ramses V + King Ramesses VI | KV9, the Tomb of King Ramesses IX | KV6, which was built by King Ramses V of the Twentieth Egyptian Dynasty, known as The Ramesside Period, King Ramesses IX, and the Tomb of King Ramesses IX | KV6. Tomb of King Ramesses II | KV7 The palace built by King Ramses II.
• Scenes from the Book of Amduat were also found in the The Tomb of Merenptah | KV8 by king Merneptah.
• King Horemheb and King Ramesses I dispensed with the use of this book due to the change of religion.

The content of the Funeral Book

• Book of Amduat comes divided into 12 parts, and the parts describe the 12 hours at night. The book also describes the journey to Ra, who is the god of the sun.
• Approximately 908 divine beings participate in the journey and 124 of them are mentioned.
• A set of obstacles appears in front of Ra, including enemies that come in the form of snakes and appear at the seventh hour, and the God Set as in Egyptian Mythology, who is represented in the magician, overcomes the enemies.
• The Book of Amduat also contains a set of texts similar to those found in the Pyramid Texts.
• From the texts mentioned, which are “The Egyptian must know the inhabitants of the underworld, as well as the doors, roads, hours of the night, their gods, and also knowledge of the incantations that are used for innocence and how to perform them, as well as knowledge of the righteous and the sinners.”
• In the first hour of the night, the sun god enters, and in the second and third hours a great sea crosses.
• At the fourth hour, the god arrives on a sandy coast and is followed by the falcon of the underworld, which is called God Sokar.
• The zigzag road obstructs the path of the god and crosses it using the serpent boat. At five o’clock, the god arrives at the temple of God Osiris and ignites a pool of fire for the sinners.
• Book of Amduat. At six o’clock comes the most important event, which is the unification of Ba and the spirit of Ra in his body, within a circle formed by the serpent.
• During this event, the sun is shining again, and at seven o’clock the serpent Apophis is waiting.
• God Isis comes to tame the serpent. At eight o’clock he opens the tomb by the sun god and leaves the sandy island and rows hard until he returns to the water at nine.
• The tenth hour, during which the recovery process takes place by descending and immersion in the water, and at the twelve o’clock the god begins to rise again.

Tombs where I found the Book of Amduat

• Book of Amduat became an important part of the tombs, especially during the era of the modern Egyptian kingdom
• Texts from the Book of Amduat were found in The Tomb of King Ayi | KV23 / WV23 who building by king Ay and the texts describe only the first hour.
• While complete texts were found in the Tomb of King Amenhotep II | KV35 who building by King Amenhotep II, Thutmose III a complete copy was also obtained in his tomb.
• Hatshepsut’s tomb also contains texts related to the Book of Amduat, as well as in Tomb of King Thutmose I + Queen Hatshepsut | KV20 who building by King Thutmose I.
• Members of the Twentieth Dynasty, including King Ramses III, Fifth, and Sixth. Texts from the book were found in their tombs as Tomb of King Ramesses III | KV11.

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