Ancient Egyptian Literature

Ancient Egyptian Literature | Philosophy in Ancient Egypt | A list of the wise men and writers of the Pharaonic civilization, what are the historical facts, and the most important papyrus texts of praise poems, ghazals, and lyric poetry in the Pharaonic era, and more secrets of dialogue literature and more about Ancient Egypt Facts.

Pharaonic dialogue literature and sentimental lyric poetry in ancient Egypt, discover the facts and History Of Egyptian Civilization literature among the Pharaohs,  the texts of the singing of  musicians and the poems of Egyptian praises and poets. A study that allows you to learn more about the culture of the Pharaonic civilization.

Ancient Egyptian Literature

Ancient Egyptian literature was widely familiar with this type of literature and covered many types, including:

1. Dialogue between two humans.
2. Man’s dialogue with his soul is a literature of wisdom.
3. Dialogue of the parts of the human body.
4. Dialogue between animals and birds.
5. Dialogue of plants with each other.
6. Dialogue of the gods with each other.

Perhaps the most famous piece in this type of literature is the text found in the papyrus (desperate of life), as well as one of the most important texts in this field, it is one of the documents of the first intermediate period in Egypt, also called “dialogue of a human with his soul” or (Neso’s speech with his soul) and this papyrus is kept in Berlin under no. 3024.

Introduction:

It is relatively long, closer to a monologue, in which Neso complains about the miserable and wicked life until he finds a solution in death and accepts suicide by burning himself.

They assigned themselves a room in the pyramid, and provided them with all the special services, their parents’ tables became empty, after they became gods (that is, dead), and became both them and the tired ones who died on the banks of the canals, the flood took its destination from them, and we were the heat of the sun, and the fish on the shore approach them holding conversations, listen to me … We came to listen… Follow the pleasures of the day and forget the carefree.

Dialogue literature in the first Pharaonic period:

Neso speaks to his soul, his ka and complains about the lack of appreciation of the poor in this world. This dialogue always begins with a sentence (see: my name is more hateful than…) and recalls a set of nauseating analogies such as stinking meat, fish, birds and willows crowded with geese…  etc.

The soul became angry again, and she replied briefly again, reprimanding him, “Aren’t you a man?  I wanted life before, so what was accomplished, and then now it takes the despair of life as the Lord of Grace?  He replied: “If my soul, no sin for me, and her heart is blotted out, I will be congratulated, and then I will make her reach the West, like the one who lived in his pyramid, and his heir.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. If you come between me and death in this situation, you will not find what you put in the mouth of the West, you will give my spiritual permission, and my people are the place of the heir, they offer the Eucharist, rise on the day of burial and prepare the sanctuary of the hereafter.

The second dialogue:

He speaks to his soul about his despair of life, his pessimism and his hatred of what is in it and threatens his soul by burning himself, so his soul opposes him and threatens him to abandon him, so (Neso) illuminates his soul and chooses between accepting life as it is where to go to death anonymously.

The third dialogue:

He speaks to his soul in his choice of death as the final solution, it is like healing for a sick man like him… Like going out in the open air after a long quest, the phrase “Death is before me today…” ” dominates:

“Death before me today looks like an innocent to the sterile, coming out into space after booking …

Death is before me today as a bitter aroma and a sitting under its shadow on the day of the wind of a cockroach.

To die in front of me today, like the scent of lotus, numbs me as if I were sitting on the shore.

Death is before me today as a man yearns for his home after spending many years in captivity and trouble.

The fourth dialogue:

Man affirms his faith in the afterlife, reward, punishment, and justice of the lords, who are the pillars of Egyptian religion, and believes that those who reach the other world will have the chance to repel evil, communicate with the gods and know secrets.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The man seemed to have ended his life and went to the other world in reconciliation with his soul. This dialogue reminds us of the famous Babylonian trail he called “The Lord of Wisdom,” which scholars called Ayoub of Babylon, and whose hero is Sajil Mo Abib, as well as the well-known biblical story of Ayoub.

Lyrical literature in ancient Egypt:

Emotional lyrical poetry:

It is the opposite of religious and funerary poetry, it plunges into the deep feelings of man, including abstract feelings, and this poetry was a material for singing, and the most famous of these songs (the guitarist’s song) and there (workers’ songs), (harvest songs), (victory songs), (kings’ songs) and others as in Music and dance in Ancient Egypt.

The guitarist’s song (oud player songs):

This song has been preserved in the Papyrus Harris 500 “pHarris 500, P. British Museum 10060” now at the The British Museum, and there is another text found in the Tomb of Maya And Meryt – Saqqara, and dates back to the time of Tell el-Amarna, which is now in the National Museum of Antiquities “Leiden, Netherlands” and this text is slightly different from the first text, and the Papyrus dates back to the period (1350-1320) .C. , although he may return in his text for a long time, perhaps until the Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt in Middle Kingdom.

The song was played on the harp at the princes’ concerts and is not a song of joy, but it recalls death and the desires to enjoy the short life in a wonderful poetic way  :

“No one comes back from there (from the dead) until they tell us what’s in the afterlife? And to tell us what they need to reassure our hearts, until that moment when we, too, go where they went. »

Ancient Egyptian Literature. Do not rejoice, throw all sorrows behind your back, rejoice and think of pleasure, and satisfy your desires while you are alive, paint your head and wear beautiful sheets (clothes), and break the smells of adultery, keep the songs and music before your eyes, more pleasures than you have,  do what you need on earth, and don’t strain your heart until time heals your scars.

“The stable heart  (Osiris) does not hear fear, and crying does not awaken anyone from the world of death, so rejoice for the happy day, always rejoice, and do not feel the anguish of your joy, listen to me: no one can take his money with him, and none of the latecomers come back.

This song coincided with the slow collapse of faith in Ancient Egyptian religion and reflected people’s need for more well-being and love in life, an atmosphere that prevailed after the first social revolution.

The Words of Great Happiness (story in seven chapters):

It is a sentimental poem from the first Chester Beatty Medical Papyrus consisting of seven passages preserved in the British Museum in London, one of the three love poems written to entertain the king (dating from the time of King Ramses II , Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, The New Kingdom) “Egyptian Pharaohs kings“, songs in the form of a dialogue between a lover and his mistress (brother and sister in Egyptian in The ancient Egyptian Pharaonic language) and the first of each house begins with a tip in red.

The poem is a dialogue between a lover and his love, where the passages follow from him in the hierarchy until in the  seventh chapter also reaches him, it is a seven-day dialogue, and the dialogue has a direct relationship  with the goddess of love God Hathor (golden goddess one of The Egyptian Gods) the serf of the sun, and there is a clear verbal pun at the beginning of each section between the chapter number  (today) and the word that refers to another meaning, for example (If) its meaning (brother, lover) and means (two) where the second chapter and so on …

Pharaonic dialogue literature:

Ancient Egyptian Literature. This is a translation of the sixth section by the mirror (sister):

“As I walked past his residence,

I opened the door.

My brother was next to his mother.

And with all his sisters.

And love for him captures my heart.

Everyone who crosses the road.

He is a young man, and he is handsome, like no other,

He is a brother, unique in his qualities,

They ran towards me, as I passed by,

And I felt happy,

How much joy my heart explodes with

When you see yourself, brother!

If she understood Ha now!

Golden Goddess, pray for him in her heart,

So, I will be able to speed my brother,

I embrace him in the presence of those around him,

And I will never be ashamed in front of anyone,

And I’ll be happy because they know it.

You know me!

So I’m throwing a party for my god.

And ah! My heart jumps until I think it’s coming out of my chest.

– To allow me to see my brother tonight,

A happiness that goes away.

It is a three-part poem in which the beloved hopes that her lover will come to her in three forms: as the king’s envoy, as the king’s horse.

Ancient Egyptian Literature: – like a deer jumping into the desert:

“Oh, I’d like you to come and rush to your sister!

Like a deer jumping into the desert.

(Suddenly) his feet wobble, and his limbs sag,

And fear takes hold of his body.

While a hunter and his dogs chase him.

The dust it causes – it obscures it,

He sees a shelter…

The canal is now his way,

You arrive at her house,

And she accepts his hand, four times,

And while always seeking to love your sister,

The golden goddess had made it yours, my friend.

The kind words of the writer (Nekhet Sobek):

It is a poem composed of small passages, each like a short poem indicating a high concentration and a clear poetic density.

– Why do you speak to your heart?

He went to her and hugged her,

– Really, just as Amun lives, I come to you,

My answer is on my forearm.

– I wrote to my brother next to the water basin

And his feet are above the water.

He built a structure for the joys of the day.

He even put beer in it,

His picture is on my chest.

Poems of Praise in the Pharaonic Civilization: Ancient Egyptian Literature. 

 These are poems written to praise pharaohs, Female Pharaohs and princes because of their great heroism and distinctive actions, the most important of which is a poem written in six passages by the King Senusret III, Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, the great warrior king, and this is the second chapter of which:

The Dialogue Literature of the Pharaonic Era – The First Praise:

First pass:

“Thank you, Khaa-Kao-Ra, Horus, the Holy Falcon.

The protector of the homeland, and the extent of its borders, the jeweler of the foreign country with the power of his crown.

The one who unified the two lands (Egypt) in his hands, holding the foreign country with the power of his arms

Recruitment of owners. Arrow, no stick blow

Who is above his arrow without pulling the tendon out of the bow?

Holders of submissive bows in their homes

The one his fear crushed, the nine bows.

He has a thousand shooters before they set foot.

Who is more than his arrow, like God Sekhmet?

Who has conquered thousands of people who don’t know how to beat him?

A word from His Majesty to subdue the Nubia.

This is an area for the Bedouins to seize literature.

He is the one who has the young power, the one who is out of his life.

The doctrine of weakness for his people

People slept safely until dawn.

His young soldiers sleep because his heart is their defender.

His Majesty’s orders ruled Nubia and defeated the Asians.

Second pass: Ancient Egyptian Literature.

Other than what pleases the gods because you are their parents.

What are the greatest joys of your country because you have set the limits?

Other than your parents are so happy that you gave them more.

But what makes Egypt more satisfied with your strength because you protected the old regime?

But what makes your people more satisfied with your government because you passed the flight

Except that I’m so happy with your soldiers, because you made them happy.

But I am no more satisfied with the elders of your people because you have rejuvenated them.

What could be more flattering to Egypt than your strength because you have protected its walls.

The second: Ancient Egyptian Literature.

It is for King Thutmose III, who is described as one of the greatest warriors in history and is composed of three passages and came from the God Amun God Ra.

“You have been blessed by power and victory over all the nations of the earth, and you have captured your authority and terror in all countries, and you have made the terror of you extend to the four pillars of heaven, and you have put your respect in every body,  your call for war extending between the nine nations of the bows, and gathering all the princes of the earth under the sway of your right.

By stretching out your hands, you have lost them all, thousands and tens of thousands of sticks of the South (the peoples of the arks), then hundreds of thousands of people of the North, and put your enemies under your feet, to perish from them sinners and revolutionaries, until the peoples of East and West recognize you.  all along and across the country, where you can hit the warming heart wherever you want, without finding anyone in its neighborhoods to disobey you.

Poems of spinning in the Pharaonic civilization: Ancient Egyptian Literature

The Egyptian thread was innate, stemming from authentic and spontaneous feelings, so you always find it amazing, and the thread was associated with singing but was heard without music or singing in general. The best model of spinning hair is the Harris 500 papyrus, some of which we mentioned above.

Thread poems have been called long name is the beginning of beautiful songs, for example the following song is called (your beloved that your heart loves and that comes to you from the meadow) and it is a quote from them:

“My love, my heart wishes for your love.

And everything you think about is yours.

Look at what you’ve done.

I came to hunt with your skin in my hand.

Punts laden with goodness earth in Egypt

And the first bird to land eats my taste.

And his nails have aromas.

I would like to call him together.

I am alone next to you.

Until you hear the cries of my fragrant bird.

How much I love being with you when I’m trapped.

How good it is to go to the meadow with the beloved

I’m going to pull my nets and come back, but what do I say to my mother?

And every night I go back to her loaded with birds.

You’re going to say, “What didn’t you put in the trap today?”

Oh, your love made my head spin.

The wild goose flies and lands.

And here are the birds, but they don’t matter to me.

I have your love, for me alone.

And my heart is perfectly aligned with your heart, and I will not be far from your beauty.

My love, my heart stops in the delicious cakes in front of me.

But it tastes like salt in my mouth.

The drink they now had tasted like the bitterness of the bird.

It is the aroma of your breath that greets my heart.

You are the most beautiful of all people.

A woman for you, to put your arm.

But you managed your love for me.

Pharaonic dialogue literature, and here is another piece:

“Seven days, until yesterday, I didn’t see my sister, my love.

I had the disease; my limbs were heavier, and I forgot myself.

If I must do the work of doctors, my heart does not rest in their treatment.

If magicians must do the work, my land does not respond to their magic.

What greets me is that they say, “She’s here.

His messenger comes and plunders, to refresh my heart.

My sister benefits me from every treatment.

His presence in me is my talisman.

If you look at me in green, my body is green, and my forearm intensifies.

His speech strengthens me, and his knees refresh me.

But it’s been seven days.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. It should be noted that epitaph literature and sacrificial literature were rare in ancient Egyptian literature, but satirical literature is rare, although there is a slight trace of it. We have found a strange satirical author who helps us get an idea of the diversity of  literary genres in later times. We can assume that satire existed before, but this is difficult to confirm. We present to the reader a part of this author, and we have arrived in a good state of conservation, and Horace would not have disavowed it, if he had been attributed:

Pharaonic dialogue literature:

“He’s like an idiot who grabbed a book with the whole flag on it.

Since his birth, he has been good at singing only one thing:

I want to drink.

And as soon as he is told that there is meat in the wrong place, he has a ginkgo machine.

And when he finds a drink or meat in front of him, he goes there without being invited by anyone.

Addressing the people at the ceremony, he said: “I can’t sing when I’m hungry.

I can’t wear the harp to sing until I drink enough.

Two people consume one drink, three meats and five loaves of bread.

The harp becomes a heavy campaign on his heart, and I look like a disturbing burden.

He continued to shout at the audience… Two and three times, instead of once: “Sing”

And if he eats the ginkgo, after drinking, until all his defects appear.

He recited what the women were saying while making bread, and the harp was knocked over.

And even when she turned her neck, he never stopped reciting women’s nonsense.

And if he rises to his art, I will sing a symbolic story.

Words do not attest to his art, and his voice goes in his direction, while the harp goes in another direction.

Ancient Egyptian literature of the Pharaohs | The facts of worldly and religious literature in the civilization of ancient Egypt.

Discover the secrets of the texts of legendary, magical, spiritual literature, rituals discovered on the culture of the Pharaonic  civilization.

In theory and in the process, as we study the literature left by ancient nations, we can not separate religious texts from literary texts, they are intertwined, but we will only do so for research and study.

In the temple, it was spread and taken up, among the people, by specialized priests. Literary texts were born and developed inside and outside the temple and were created and popularized by sages, writers, poets, and thinkers. Ancient Egyptians literature is divided into the following kinds and genera.

Ancient Egyptian literature:

Worldly literature

1. Epic literature

Stories, The March of Heroes and Kings

1. Dialogue literature

Presentation texts

1. Lyrical literature

Hair, praise, son

1. Moral literature
2. Proverbs
3. Texts of sarcasm, humor, and animals
4. Commandments
5. Wisdom Texts

Religious literature

1. Legendary literature

Legends (Genesis, Urbanization, Ruin, Death)

1. Liturgical literature

Texts of religious rituals

1. Spiritual literature

Prayers, hymns, prayers, songs

1. Magical literature
2. Spells, amulets and sophistication
3. Prediction and val texts
4. Texts and interpretations of dreams
5. Astrology texts

Ancient Egyptian Literature. Ancient Egyptian literature is thus divided into religious literature that includes texts associated for the purposes of liturgical processes or those associated with gods (mythology) or the religious paranormal and are mainly objective, metaphysical, mythical and magical.

Worldly literature includes literary texts that were not written for religious purposes and are primarily subjective or emotional, which in our time constitutes what we call “literature” in its broad and complete sense. Although we do not find a definitive demarcation line and demarcation between the two regions of these two types.

Although we have put here a conventional use of the lesson that may deviate from their precise description in ancient Egyptian heritage, we find a certain need to develop reasonable kinds for the literature of the Nile Valley, which is full of texts.

Ancient Egyptian Literature – Religious Literature of the Pharaohs:

kinds, types and texts of ancient Egyptian religious literature:

• Epic literature
• Legendary literature
• Liturgical literature
• Spiritual literature
• Magical literature

Secondary epic in the Pharaonic civilization:

• Creation Myths
• Urban legends
• Legends of the ruin
• Myths of death
• Texts of daily rituals
• Ritual texts of events
• Texts of periodic rituals
• Secret ritual texts
• Prayers
• Hymns
• Songs
• Prayers
• Magic in ancient Egypt texts
• Oracle Texts
• Dream texts
• Astronomy of the Pharaohs texts

Type:

• Gods, universe, man.
• Ra, Osiris
• Funeral books and The Book of the Dead
• Prayers, ritual texts of the temple, texts of offerings
• Birth, marriage,
• Festivals in Ancient Egypt texts
• Transit texts, Coffin Texts, Pyramid Texts.
• Prayers of kings and priests to the gods
• The hymns of every god.
• Prayers to God.

Ancient Egyptian Literature Examples:

• The Octad, God Ptah, God Aton, God Horus
• Youth of Ra
• God Isis and God Osiris
• Aging Ra
• The death and resurrection of Osiris

1. Pyramids Texts
2. Coffin texts
3. The Book of the Dead
4. Book of Gates
5. The Book of what is in the other world (Imy Dwat)
6. Book of Caverns
7. Book of Amduat
8. Book of Aker
9. The Book of the Heavenly Cow
10. Book of the Two Ways
11. Books of Heaven (Day, Night, Note) Book of Breath

• God Thoth, Nile, Hour-war, God Sobek, God Khnum, God Neith, The Four Winds
• Amon Songs, Aton Songs
• Different Spells, sophistication.
• Predictions
• Interpreting dreams

Ancient Egyptian Literature. Religious literature is the basis of religion and its texts, but we see it here from the point of view of literature, and although the complete distinction of religious literature and worldly literature is difficult in most cases of the sustainability of ancient civilizations, we affirm that worldly literature represents the truth of the mores of these peoples, because of its relative distance from the gods and their paranormal and the expression of people’s well-known needs.

Here are these selected texts from religious literature to get an idea of their stylistic composition:

And the style shared with religious literature to some extent.

Ancient Egyptian Literature – Examples of Legendary Literature:

• Text of the Obelisk of Senusret I
• Text of King Ramesses II

Examples of spiritual literature:

• Texts to God Nate
• Song of Amun
• Furnace song

Examples of magical literature:

• Search for the book of greatest magic
• Interpretation of dreams

Ancient Egyptian literature – myths of death – the destruction and rescue of human beings:

Ra went to Noun then said, “O older God, in which I came into existence, O ancient gods, see the human beings who came into existence with my eyes, they orchestrated things against me. Tell me, what should you do about it?

Look, I find in the research, I’m not going to slaughter them until I hear what you should say about it. His Majesty Noun said, “My son Ra, the greatest God of those who did it and the strongest of those who created him, levels on your throne, the fear of you is great when (your eyes are directed) against them by those who plotted against you. »

He then said to His Majesty Ra, “Look, they fled into the wilderness, their hearts are dry, maybe because I’m talking to them.” His Majesty then said, “I wish your eye would be sent so that you could catch those who had planned evil things. (But) the eye is not able (enough) to hit them for you. It must land like a Hathor.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. That is why these gods then came and slaughtered the ten in the wilderness and then said to His Majesty this God: “Hello, Hathor, for whom I made the influence for which I came”, and then this goddess said: “Since you live for me, I am black for humanity and it has crossed my heart”,  and then His Majesty Ra said, “I will prevail over them as king by losing them. This is how Sekhmet was born, pour (beer) to dip into their blood of Heraclipolis.

The Sages of Ancient Egypt | Biography of the 15 most important sages of the era of pharaonic civilization.

Learn about the history and facts of the most important sages of the Pharaohs and the texts, writings and papyri of their own discovery.

The Sages of Ancient Egypt

Wisdom Texts in the Civilization of Ancient Egypt:

Wisdom was called in Egypt after the goddess of justice and wisdom (Maat) or Matt, which could mean (integrity, truth, discipline, justice, constant cosmic law, logic, hardness) and it reflects the chaos, corruption and evil that the word “Isvet” collects and the symbol of what was known was the pen.

Education and wisdom are derived from the root of Seba, which also means “gate, star,” which indicates that they include counsel, and we believe this is the source of the Greek word “Soviet,” which means wisdom. If philosophy (Philo Sofia: the love of wisdom) is Greek fame, wisdom is of Egyptian origin.

The sages of Egypt appeared in all its epochs and were a rare title for the balance and wisdom of ancient Egyptian society, and they, the schools of spiritual secrets and Mortuary Temples, were the source of Greek philosophy, as we shall see.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. Wisdom was associated with religion, and the new religious proselytism was closer to wisdom than to spiritual and religious essence, which kings and sages demanded, and this happened with Akhenaten’s teachings, which referred to his call more than to moral style only as we wrote, where “Akhenaten left us no Bible, therefore what he founded does not belong to the celestial religions.

The “word of God” in all its meaning is unimaginable in the new religion, for the recently proclaimed God has remained silent. Aten himself did not say a word, but on the contrary, it was the prophet Akhenaten who spoke of him. It is therefore necessary to rely on evidence inspired and extracted from the texts of the King and the elders of his country. The texts often remind us of Akhenaten’s “teachings or instructions” that he put in the heart of his subjects.

To confirm this, the Egyptian word used for this purpose is “Sebet”, which refers to wisdom literature circulating in writings dating from earlier eras around the Late Old Kingdom, but in the time of Amarna it seems in fact and exclusively that the state of the teachings and instructions was only the king who revealed them, and nowhere else is there any trace of religious messages.

List of sages of ancient Egypt: Ancient Egyptian Literature

The sage Ka Ersu:

Around (2704-2680) B.C., he lived in the time of the Third Dynasty of Egypt as a contemporary of King Huni, the last king of that dynasty, and has two pages of papyrus in which he mentions food etiquette, direct behavior, humility, and does not boast of power and his judgment: the knife is sharpened for those who deviate from the right path. He wrote these teachings to his son Kagemeni (Ka Gemen I), who became wise after him.

The Sage Imhotep: Ancient Egyptian Literature. 

He is the doctor, engineer and architect who built the Pyramid of Djoser, despite his medical and engineering fame but also sage, poet and philosopher, and Imhotep appeared at the time of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, especially in the time of King Djoser, and his fame crossed horizons and later inspired the Greeks and paired him with the god Aesculapius (God of medicine) and there of his wisdom with the Prophet (Joseph) and so on. We believe this has to do with the famous sage Hermes who appeared in the ancient world.

Sage Ib Wer – The Sages of Ancient Egypt:  

He is the wise man who warned of an upcoming social revolution “Revolutions in Ancient Egypt” at the time of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, and the subject of the warnings was the emergence of signs of total destruction in the country under one of the rulers, so that the general public revolted against the employees and the ruling class and the soldier disobeyed the country’s rulers.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The enemies threatened Egypt’s eastern borders and the regime ordered in Egypt was completely dissolved, eliminating the cultural achievements that emerged in ancient periods, and the old king lived in tranquility in his palace surrounded by lies heard by his superior staff.

When the sage Ib Wer appeared and told the truth and delivered his description of what happened to things and delivered his words to the king and described to him the chaos that ravaged the country and predicted what will follow, and he was right in his warnings and predictions, but it is too late and the old king could not stop the collapse that has accumulated through the corruption of provincial rulers, princes, ministers and even kings.

This happened at the end of the Old Kingdom, where Egypt at the end of the Sixth Dynasty and beyond until the XII Dynasty seemed to have sunk into complete darkness;

Thus, Ib Wer’s wisdom was a testament to the honor of the great sages and educated of the country in order to fix things and write what happened.

This wise man lived at the time of the Sixth Dynasty: c. (-2374 2280) BC.C., and the contemporary of King Pepi II and addressed his teachings, Ib Wer was known as the social revolution written on the Leiden papyrus 344, which was later called the “Ipuwer Papyrus“, but his wisdom put him in a saying of revolution and wisdom poems, where he described corruption and manifestations of corruption at that time and the escalation of tragedy, then mentioned the masters of the gods and described the distant future. The papyrus era was written by dynasty 18 and beyond until the 19th dynasty and written in Hieratic script, called IB Wer’s warnings.

Warning texts of Sage IB Wer:

Indeed, the earth spins like a pottery wheel, and the thief has become a make shifter.

Indeed, the river is filled with blood, so the man is recovering from drinking it, really the country has been destroyed, and the level has become empty looking to see the gold necklaces and jewelry on the way to the neighborhood, while the free desires a piece of bread, and says “As for something we eat”

Ancient Egyptian Literature. “Look: this happened among people, who could not live in a room, now have a fortified courtyard, see: the honorable virtues rest on the rough bed, the princes sleep in the warehouse, and those who are not able to sleep on the walls, become the owner of a bed, the rich man passes the top while he is thirsty,  and the one who begged from him is the foam, he has a strong beer, see: Those who owned the clothes have become in a worn breach, see: if he who has never made a boat, now owns ships, and the healthiest owner looks at them, but they no longer belong to him;

“Look to see the positions that have been devoid of their bosses, and to see people wandering like ostriches, but they are the most misguided means, indeed, humiliation, humiliation of loved ones, and greed of foreigners in the country, they spread in the country, and wreak havoc on them.

See: The country’s grief has spread from extreme to extreme, and people are screaming, are not lost, not displaced.

Look: Life became a life for people to recover, cheap until it chased people away, the eldest said: I wish I had died before that, and I was forgotten, and the little one said: I wish my mother hadn’t given birth to me.

Look: how the villain laughs at the big tears.

See: The healthiest people eat grass, drink water, there is no fruit, there is no grass to make animals and birds eat, and dirt is removed from the pigs’ mouths, and no one says: This is for me.

Sage Dua Khiti (Akhetwi) – The sages of ancient Egypt: 

This wise man lived around 2300 B.C. during the Ninth Dynasty of Egypt and King Khety I may have been his contemporary, and he wrote one of the sermons and teachings of his son (Pepi), and some argue that the author himself is the author of the commandments of Amenemhat, and the teachings describe the disadvantages of the professions and glorify the profession of writer, the text came in a torn papyrus of the 19th dynasty and is now kept in the British Museum. It is also called papyrus (swadds).

The Sage Khiti (Akhetwi) King – Ancient Egyptian Literature: 

The king’s teachings appeared to his son, Marek, around 2133 BC. I.C. of the Tenth Dynasty, King Khety III, and urged political wisdom, governance, respect for the people, justice and urbanization, and urged fear of God and the performance of rituals, and the text of his teachings was written in a papyrus preserved in the Leningrad Museum written since the 18th Dynasty.

Some of them said: “Calm down from the horror of crying and do not oppress the widow, and do not deprive a human being of the wealth of his father, and do not expel an employee from his work, pay attention to those who take revenge on him for the injustice inflicted on him, do not kill, it will not interest you,  but he was punished with beatings and imprisonment, it will lay the foundations of this country, God alone who revolts against you and gives you his designs, God knows the traitor of the heart and God is the one who punishes his mistakes with his blood, do not kill a man if you know beautiful advantages, a man with whom you have written, your classmate.

Sage Neb-Kaw Ra:

Ancient Egyptian Literature. This wise man may have been the last king of the ninth dynasty, Akhtarius II, and he was mentioned in the history of the eloquent peasant and was known for his sarcasm;

Sage Ani – The Sages of Ancient Egypt: 

The wise Ani appeared at the time of Queen Ahmose Nefertar, wife of King Ahmose I, but her papyrus came to us after her continuous copies of the Twenty-first Egyptian Dynasty and is kept in the The Egyptian Museum “Museums in Cairo” in Tahrir Square (Papyrus Bulaq 4) and there are some paragraphs of advice in other papyri written in the papyrus in an era of decadence in which the sovereignty of the clergy and the calls to bend to the rule of justice, fate and blind religion.

The papyrus is called “Council of Ani” addressed to his son, Hesou-Hotep:

1. Be faithful to God in your work, you approach Him and prove the sincerity of your prostration before God until you have His mercy and notice His care, He neglects those who are slow in His service.
2. Do not approach your Lord with what He hates and do not look at the secrets of His kingdom, it is above your mind, and keep His commandments and instructions; He lifts up those who glorify Him.
3. 3. Keep the holidays and perform their rituals or they will violate God’s orders.
4. Do not use the crowds and noise in God’s house during your holiday and I pray your Lord to pray and hide with a sincere heart, so that it is closer to responding.
5. 5. If someone consults you, report it as required by the books.
6. 6. Souls are courted with kindness, hymns and prostration.
7. Whoever is falsely accused, that he raises his darkness to Almighty God; he will show the truth and make the lie false.
8. 8. Make yourself a good principle and keep in mind in all your conditions an honorable goal as you seek to achieve benign aging and create a place for you in the afterlife, the righteous do not bother them with the agony of death.
9. Your language is not good about people’s inconveniences, language is the cause of all evils and you study the right words and avoid its shortcomings, you will be asked on the Day of Resurrection for every word (you said)
10. Marry young to have a boy in the prime of life (young) who is a reason for your respect and proof of your kindness and strength.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. “I will speak to you with all that is good, so that your heart may love it, follow what I say, you will be praised and away from all evil, and people say of you: you have a great creation, and those who say: You are corrupt and boring, and if you follow what I say,  you will avoid any harm, “You choose a fertile woman, she will have a child for you, if she gives birth to her when you are young, you can raise her and make her a man, and blessed for the man if you have a child,” Ani tells her son, Khonsu Hotep. He became the father of a great family for which he begged God.”

 

The texts of the wise Ani in the manners of the visit: Ancient Egyptian Literature.

“Don’t be a thief or an intruder, don’t enter other people’s homes (without permission), and when you’re in other people’s homes, and your eyes see something, keep silent and don’t bark at anyone there, so you don’t have a major crime, when it comes to hearing.”

“Warning her son of foreign women and committing obscenities, Ani says: Pay attention to the unknown woman, do not look at her when she passes by you, and do not spend it on her, you can be far from herself, do not answer her even in the ignorance of people, it is a crime whose owner deserves to die when it is common among people.”

The sage Amenpet son of Kanakht – The sages of ancient Egypt: 

Around 1000 BC. J.C., his reign and others lived in hieroglyphic writing on papyrus preserved today in the British Museum under the number 101745 dating from the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt and he translated it into English by archaeologist Budge, including:

1. Save these commandments and work with them joyful dinner or neglect them so that calamities do not happen to you.
2. Don’t want other people’s money so that God doesn’t capture your soul in the blink of an eye, change your wealth and destroy your home, and don’t become a lesson to your citizens and scary in their mouths in your life and after you die.
3. If the rich become poor, God will humiliate him in this world and bring him to hell in the hereafter.
4. Avoid bad manners, he is a fool who is a god and a people.
5. May God glorify. God and Satan’s preacher.
6. Don’t flirt with your partner or colleague in the account, God hates you and you are famous for deception.
7. You do not appear in front of people, except what you hide, so you deceive them and make your interior your appearance, because God hates deceptive lying.

The sage Luqman: 

There is a lot of ambiguity around the personality of Luqman, but it is probably an Egyptian sage who was found in Nubia within the limits of the reign of dynasty 21, and there is no doubt that his name came down to us in the Greek form (Alcaman) written by the Arabic language (Luqman) and mentioned in the Holy Qur’an. At the court of the Assyrian king Sanharib and then his son Aserhadnon (680_669) B.C., who visited Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh King Taharqa.

Sage Ankh Shoshenq – The Sages of Ancient Egypt: Ancient Egyptian Literature.

Egyptian priest and sage who lived in Heliopolis in the 5th century BC, he is considered the last of the great and influential teachings, and was later compared to the Zoroastrian and his teachings… He was accused of concealing a plot against the pharaoh and imprisoned despite his innocence, and his teachings and expressions include:

Don’t be a slaughterer when it’s difficult… And do good and throw it in the middle of the sea… And if you do a favor to 500 people and a single sponsor, you’re not going to put a part of it.

Your daughter’s husband is a jeweler… But don’t marry your son to his daughter.

Silence can be foolish… Dumb people may prefer the slippery tongue… And the wise verse of his mouth… Education comes after the advancement of creation… And don’t say I’m a scientist and dedicated to science… stupid companion stupid and cautious companion discreet companion and idiot idiotic companion

Don’t consult a scientist on something trivial, no ignorant consultation on something big, and from the awareness of what you’ve learned, you think of his slips of the tongue.

The failure of the generous is better than half the success… Death is better than need… Whoever shook a stone fell on his leg… He who has stolen the property of others will not be blessed by him… He steals the thief at night and arrests him during the day.

Texts of the sage Ankh Shoshenq: Ancient Egyptian Literature

Give the worker a loaf of bread to take two loaves of bread from his shoulders (his work)

Loneliness is better than evil company.

Of sadness with the people of his country, he was happy with them.

Don’t be too damaged so you do not stop.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. When the right to his country was lost, he was aware of it to Ra, the God who worships him and approaches him, with words dripping with pain and sadness at the situation in the country:

If Ra is angry with Arvin, his ruler forgets custom.

If Ra gets angry on land where the law is broken.

If Ra gets angry on a land beyond purity.

If Ra gets angry on a terrain where justice is broken.

If Ra gets angry on a land where fates fall.

If Ra gets angry on a terrain where trust is lost.

If Ra got angry with Arvin, she would raise her ignorance and lower him.

If Ra gets angry on a land that has made its idiots above its scientists.

Sage Padi Osir (Petosiris)

Padi Osir or Petosiris, as the Greeks called him, stood at the head of a group of sages of his family with him (Shou, grandfather of Thuti En Ankh, Jedhar, Tokem) and they appeared at the age of the Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt, the dynasty of the last pharaoh.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. In the 360s BC. during the second Persian invasion and Alexander the Great, their texts were found on the walls of the cemetery built by Padi Osir, which is similar to the calls for living or moral data in biographies and consists of several blogs and contains moral teachings of the road. Law and the teachings of the gods, the goodness and morality of death and burial… and so on.

Padi-Osir, the chief priest of God, was converted to the city of Ashmonin (Hermopolis) at the end of Persian rule and at the time of Alexander of Macedonia and lived until 300 BC. J.C., and is considered a prophet who was transformed, and undoubtedly has something to do with the popularity of hermism at that time, and his grave in the cemetery Tuna Al-Jabal in the province of Al Minya and Asyut, which brought together Egyptian and Greek artists and has some scenes of everyday life, agriculture and some industries.

Advice to Mary Kare:

We also find wisdom and the preponderant mind in those advice that the King of Ihnasia directed to his son called “Mari Kare”, and the acumen of that elderly politician in the country’s internal politics in particular appears in these advice when he recommends following the policy of appeasement and cooperation in dealing with the families of the nobles, and recommends at the time Himself searching for submerged sufficiency.

and form a new generation that can be used against the old feudal men. Also, deep thinking about internal values is evident in that phrase that this elderly king uttered to his son, and some scholars considered it one of the noblest moral thinking in ancient Egypt.

And it is to settle in the mind of this son: “The virtue of the upright man is more beloved (with God) than the ox of the unjust man (i.e. the sacrifice of the unjust man).” Here we find an explicit recognition of the value of a righteous life in the eyes of God, and He is the one who does not accept that gifts are established with Him. The position of morality.

The Sage Amenemupi – The Sages of Ancient Egypt: 

With the sage Amenemupi, we reach the peak of Egyptian wisdom in its development, he appeared around 1000 BC.C. Between the two dynasties 21-22, and he gave his advice to his son (Hor Maher) on a papyrus obtained by Wallice Budge 1888 AD and is kept at the British Museum No. 10474, and many scholars see it as the basis of what the Torah wrote in the judgment and proverbs attributed to King Solomon.

Amenemupi was an employee of a grain store with a grain handler diploma in Abydos province, whose father’s name was Ka Ra Nekhet, and his son was a priest of God (Min) in Akhmim. The number of chapters of the Commandments was thirty. Chapter 8 is divided into three sections:

First of all, on the importance of a good memory, “Install your goodness in people’s hearts, so that every human being can greet you.”

Second, he urges you to avoid the malicious saying: “Be discreet in your mind and prove your heart, otherwise we will get used to speaking badly in your language so that you are lost with others, respected in your old age, and safe from God’s oppression.

And the third: about keeping the secret, “Do not expose a human being who has violated his secret, and if he offers you something to control, be your opinion of yourself, and do good to him on your tongue, and as far as pus is concerned, hide it in your belly”

Chapter 9 urges us to avoid the fool and his manners, and we quote him:

“Do not accompany the fool and be careful not to rush.”

« Do not accompany a man of sharp nature, and do not compose in his friendship, and prevent your tongue from interrupting who is higher than you, and take care of yourself so as not to vilify him, and do not let him throw words that will plunge you into his evil. »

“The foolish man says a convincing statement that deserves to be beaten, and his response is full of evil, and he provokes a conflict between brothers, and the flames are in his mouth, so beware of joining this man.”

The philosophy of ancient Egypt and its impact on its counterpart Greek culture and philosophy throughout history.

have discovered the history and facts of all stages influenced by ancient Greek thought of the Egyptian Pharaonic civilization in belief and worship and how the communication between the Ancient Egyptians civilization and the Greek civilization and more secrets Pharaohs.

The philosophy of ancient Egypt | Ancient Egyptian Literature

roots and fruits:

The important book written by George James (Greek philosophy is a stolen Egyptian philosophy), translated into Arabic by Shawky Jalal, sheds light on the impersonation, collection and rewriting of Egyptian wisdom under Greek names (especially Ionia), then reformulated by Aristotle and his group in an Athenian way that did so.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. It fits into the history of Greece and cuts its Egyptian roots in a surprising way, and the general idea of George James’ book will be presented here.

The first source of Greek philosophy was the School of Egyptian Secret Systems, then the robes of the modern sages we mentioned which provided Greek philosophy with many human and moral aspects.

According to James, the Egyptian secret system was the central system from which peripheral regimes were launched in Asia Minor and Greece in particular, the Great Egyptian Forum (The Great Osirica) was the Palace Temple near Temple of Dendera in Qena as well as the Karnak Temple in Luxor, which teaches the philosophy of secrets.

Secondary oceanic temples (the Ionian temple at Didima, the Euclid temple at Megara, the Pythagorean complex at Crotona and the Orfi temple at Delphi) were therefore particularly educated in indigenous Egyptian Temples or oceanic temples.

They adopted them secretly and then in public because the Greek governments (including the government of Athens) regarded these secrets as a break with the Greek religion and a corruption of the Greek youth, which was followed in its name by the pursuit of Anxagoras and the execution of Socrates, Herleb, Plato and Aristotle.

The Greek countries were not prepared for the emergence of philosophy due to its lack of unity, the dispersion of Allied groups, Greek unions, and civil wars, including the Bluebonis wars as well as the Persian conquests.

Therefore, the idea of the emergence of philosophy as a new mental style parallel to the dominant and inherited religious spirit cannot be accommodated, and this model had to collide with the mentality of the governments of the Greek city-states.

Diodorus and Manethon, one of the oldest Egyptian priests, tell us that two monuments were found in the buried godmother Nysa Arabia, one for the goddess Isis and the other for the god Osiris.

The philosophy of ancient Egypt:

This, of course, meant that for a very early period, the Egyptian Empire not only included the Aegean islands and Ionia, but stretched to the far east. We also learned that King Senusret I of the XII Dynasty (around 1900 BC.) invaded the entire region overlooking the east coast of India beyond the Ganges and into the Eastern Ocean, and his invasions would also have included the Kikladis Islands and much of Europe.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. This model thus developed in the Asia Minor parties and Ionia was the cradle of philosophy because of its connection with Asia Minor on the one hand and because its learners grew up scientifically in Egyptian schools and temples for secrets.

Ionia  (cradle of philosophy) was under   Persian control and included Little Oserica, and all of Egypt was also under Persian control in the  7th century BC, the center of Grand Osirica, and it was easy to move learners and ideas into the cities of a vast Persian empire.

The Chaldean, Greek and Persian schools of philosophy were part of the ancient Egyptian secret system. These schools were secretly run on the orders of the Grand Forum or Osirica, whose teachings became common and applied in all schools.

Due to compliance with confidentiality requirements, the writing or publication of teachings was strictly prohibited. Thus, new entrants who achieved success in their practices and educated them and attained the rank of master or teacher were reluctant to publish the teachings of Egyptian secret systems or philosophy.

The beginning of the spread of the philosophy of ancient Egypt:

Perhaps the core from which philosophy emerged was the Egyptian doctrine of peace, which stated that in man a spirit is a divine dome that man can release from his body through purification, worship and meditation, thus connecting to the gods, living immortally, reaching the stage of mystical revelation and immortality, and freeing his soul from the wheel of reincarnation or rebirth.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. This secret doctrine of the priests of Osiris developed under the solar doctrines that glorified the pharaoh and preserved the body (the body of the pharaoh in particular) and ensured, through embalming, its reintegration into the spirit.

The first Ionian students were influenced by this secret idea and other ideas of the emergence of the universe from the four elements, most of which were atheists who did not believe in the Greek gods, and when they returned home, they stripped these ideas of the gods, and spoke of them in the language of nature,  concepts and ideals without mentioning the gods… And that’s how philosophy was born.

Consequently, any publication or promotion of philosophy cannot be done directly by the original philosophers themselves, but in two ways; either by close friends who know their opinions, as is the case with Pythagoras or Socrates, or by interested people who have recorded their philosophical teachings, which have become a common vision and a popular tradition.

It is therefore not surprising that the only specific reference is to the creative direction of Greek philosophy. That is why there are many important doubts about the so-called Greek creativity of philosophy.

There is no doubt that things were not so simple, but Aristotle and his followers, after Alexander’s invasion of Egypt, wrote the history of philosophy in a coordinated way that does not refer to temples and beliefs of secrets.

Phase 1: Ancient Egyptian Literature

Nearly a dozen Greek philosophers appeared before Socrates, who began their first school in Ionia (Thales, Anximander, Anximenes), all born in Mellens, and all traveled and studied in Egypt… When they returned, Thales said that the origin of the world was water, while Anximander said that its origin was pyron (infinite space), and Anximenes said that air was the origin of the world, and did not mention the gods. Thus, the beginnings of Greek philosophy were founded, which were rooted in the teachings of the Egyptian schools of secrets.

Pythagoras, who received his best education in Egypt and entered the deepest secrets of his spiritual schools (to the extent that he accepted the two sisters and was a condition of higher degrees in Egyptian education), Pythagoras received the teachings of the system of secrets on reincarnation, immortality of the soul, the salvation and secrets of numbers and mathematics, the principles on which his philosophy and famous school were founded.

The story goes that Pythagoras returned to the island of Samos after receiving his culture in Egypt and founded his religious doctrine in his city for a short time, then emigrated to Croton (540 BC.C.) in southern Italy, where his doctrine developed considerably until he was finally expelled from that country.

We were also told that Thales (640 BC.C.), who was also educated in Egypt, and his companions Anximander and Anximenes were all citizens of Ionia in Central Greece, a castle of schools of Egyptian secret systems, where they continued their rituals and teachings there. Similarly, we were told that Axinovan (576 BC.), Parminidis, Zeto and Meleus were also citizens of Ionia and emigrated to Elly, Italy, and settled there and published the teachings of Egyptian secret systems.

Greek schools influenced by the philosophy of ancient Egypt: Ancient Egyptian Literature

The Illy school that included Axinovan, Parminidis, Zeno, Meleus was influenced by the teachings of Egyptian secrets and the Parmenides, who founded metaphysics (The Way of Truth), Absolutism (the Path of Knowledge) and Cosmology (the Path of the Universe) discussed the anthropology of phenomena. On the other hand, Greek philosophy matured more clearly.

The late Ionian school included Hercules, Anxogoras and Democritis, where its flags were hoisted from schools and temples of Egyptian secrets.

We were also informed that Heraclea (530 BC.), Ampedocles, Anxagoras and Democritis were also citizens ofIonia and concerned about natural things. Therefore, when we take the course of so-called Greek philosophy, the students of Ionia returned to their homeland after being educated by Egyptian priests, while others migrated to other parts of Italy where they settled.

Anaxagoras, on the other hand, proved the principles of reason and meaning, and Demetritus said of the principle of the atom, creation, life, death, meaning and knowledge. It is these early principles on which Greek philosophy was born that will form the basis of the later philosophical structure.

There were schools to teach secrets or what we might usually call smaller forums in Greece and other countries outside Egypt, which fulfill their role and activities in accordance with the instructions of the Egyptian Osirica, Temple or Great Forum. These schools were often called private or philosophical doctrines of secret religious rituals.

Its founders are Egyptian secret systems. The Ionian temple was at Didima and Euclid’s temple at Megra.

The Forum of Pythagoras in Crotone and the Orfi Temple in Delphi, as well as the schools of Plato and Aristotle. As a result, wearea mistake if we assumethat the so-called philosophers of Greece have established new doctrines of their own, the owners and the creators. This is because their philosophy came to them in the hands of the great scholars of Egyptian priests through Egyptian secret systems.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The Egyptian Grand Forum managed and directed the secret systems; in addition, it allowed the exchange of visits between smaller and manufactured forums to ensure the progress of other members of the secret sciences.

Phase 2:

Occupied by Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, is the Athenian phase, where philosophy forced its way into Athens, Socrates  was  the first of the  victims and Plato and Aristotle were expelled after   him. Philosophy was transferred from basic principles to construction and architecture, where these philosophers built their distinctive form, but it was not only through their personal efforts, but also because they were also more prolific than those who accepted them from the wisdom of Egyptian secrets.

History shows us that Egypt’s neighbors all made up Egyptian secret systems centuries before Athens, the land that sentenced Socrates to death in 399 BC.

Plato and Aristotle were forced to flee Athens for their lives. This is because philosophy was an unknown stranger to them. For this same reason, we are entitled to expect the Ionians or Italians to claim to be the owners of a philosophy because they were associated with them long before the Athenians, especially since the Athenians were always their worst enemies until Alexander invaded Egypt, an invasion that facilitated Aristotle’s unhindered access to the Library of Alexandria.

George James tries to prove that Socrates was a distinguished member of the Egyptian secret system. He was highly regarded as a guide to the fact that he did not escape death (although many offered to escape) but considered it his destiny, and his principles exuded the ideas of Egyptian secrets.

One of its most important principles is the principle of the total mind (Nos) or the healthy disease embodied by the open eye of Osiris and Horus, which refers to the universal vision of God and the unlimited existence of God as the greatest sane. And the principle of supreme goodness expressed by the ancient Egyptian secret systems and declared that this is the goal of virtue and    self-peace.

His other principles of reincarnation, immortality, and the fact that the body is the graveyard of the soul, opposites and harmony are ideas he took from Pythagoras, who in turn took him from Egyptian secrets.

Plato and the Study of the Philosophy of Ancient Egypt:

Plato, who fled to Megara after Socrates was executed and exiled for 12 years, also studied at the school of Iouno (Heliopolis) for years and organized his well-known ideas. In fact, his most important theories about ideals exist in all Eastern religions, which see heaven as the original model of everything that exists on earth, which manages incomplete copies of its celestial model, and the Egyptian religion also sees it clearly.

The principle of the first manufacturer (demorge) is a Zoroastrian principle known before Plato and was advocated by Pythagoras and the Greeks. The same principle is found in the Egyptian religion through the School of Memphis, which considered Atum as the first manufacturer to receive his orders from available.

As for the moral system of virtue, which allows the soul to purify and rise to the Creator, we find it completely in the Egyptian wall system, which requires students to adhere to the ten basic principles of virtue.

There are many references in Plato’s book of the Republic, the most important of which is the image of the cart and its driver and the two winged jodans who run the cart where they have in the interpretation of the soul and its desires, it can return to the scene of the story in the last Book of the Dead of ancient Egyptians.

Greek and Roman civilization and the study of the philosophy of ancient Egypt:

By supporting classical civilization (Greek and Roman), this day does not only unfold through the bold book of James, which we have summarized, discussed, and added. There are important attempts to discover the truth, which is scientific by refuting the Greek miracle theory and proving the Egyptian source and Eastern in general, as written by Mark Meyer, Dunker, Robertson and others interested in the subject.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. Meyer felt that Greek civilization was not really beginning to promote itself until it took control of the East at Ayolia and Ionia,in Asia Minor, while Dunker was of the same opinion when he decided that there was nothing left in the Greek city that did not have the influence of the East in Asia Minor.

No exception will be the Greek religion, which has cited many Eastern beliefs and ideas. Robertson says in the first part of his book The History of Freedom of Thought that it doesn’t matter how much we turn the head of opinion and we listen in research.

We will not find an authentic Greek civilian innocent of being influenced by Eastern civilizations, but it is the great admiration of the Greeks that has caused a large number of opinion-makers, as Robertson notes, to insist on denying that Greek civilization is influenced by eastern civilizations. Other thinkers belong to this current, which did not believe in the theory of the Greek miracle, including Gladich, Ruth, Perfour, George Sarton, Roger Garaudi and others.

True and short pharaonic stories in the worldly literature of the civilization of ancient Egypt.

Discover the facts and history of tales and stories of a literary nature in the culture of the Pharaonic civilization  and the  14 most important stories about the lives of Pharaohs and more.

True and short pharaonic stories

There were no Egyptian epics in the strict sense of an epic term, but there were tales and stories of a literary nature, and we can say that the beginning of this literature appeared with the Middle Kingdom and the Egyptian language and its administrative writing (Hieratic)and then appeared in the New Kingdom and writing.  Demotic, and there are some events in these stories dating back to the Old Kingdom . We will provide a summary of most of these stories, noting that the first five stories date from the Middle Kingdom and beyond the New Kingdom.

True and short pharaonic stories: Ancient Egyptian Literature

The story of King Cheops and witches (the story of King Cheops’ court):

It is a history of the Old Kingdom and it was written in the Middle Kingdom in the Westcar Papyrus, which included five stories about the miracles of the sorcerer priests of the Cheops era, told by one of his sons.

The story of Cheops and the magician Jadi (Dadi), one of these stories, tells The Invocation of Cheops to the magician Dadi, who reached his charm to weld the  severed heads, and this magician, in the presence of Cheops, returns the severed heads to the goose, the duck and then the bull.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. Asked about the secret of the Temple of Thoth, Cheops replied that he did not know her secret but knew where she was; she was in a stone box in one of the halls of the Temple of Heliopolis. Here is an excerpt from this story:

So, they brought him a goose, and they cut off his head,  they  put his body in the west side of the room, his head onthe east side and my grandfather read the resolutions of magic, which made the goose’s body move, as well as the movement of his head,  until they met and raised their heads to its place above the body, and  made the live goose resurrect again and it began to scream, then  they re-experimented in a duck, then a third  with  a bull, and  they  managed all this.

The second story about the sons of Red Dedet, who were born of Ra and that they will sit on the throne of Egypt, and this story recalls the many tales and legends that mention the divine birth of kings and queens  ofGod, including (the birth of Queen Hatshepsut of the God Amun, and the birth of Amenophis  III   of God Amun) and there is no doubt that these and other stories elsewhere in the Middle East were the basis for the genesis and acceptance of the tale of the Virgin Mary and  thedivine birth  of  Jesus Christ.

The story of King Nefer Ka Ra and Commander Sa Senet:

It is a tale that turns into the language of intrigue and ambiguity about a special (possibly homosexual) relationship between King Nefer Ka Ra and one of his officers and attributes the story to the late period of the New Kingdom despite his earlier writings on that time and refers to Pepi’s secret life.  II Nefer Ka Ra.

True and short pharaonic stories, the story of the eloquent peasant (Khen-Anoub):

Four papyri are copies of this story, the first three at the Berlin Museum and the fourth at the London Museum. The story consists of an introduction, nine speeches or complaints, written in refined style, of foolproof eloquence  and with great sarcasm, and urges that justice prevail.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. History tells us that the turmoil of things in the country, the dissolution of the employees, their departure from the avenue of the road, and that the prevention and rescue of the people from this humiliation, will be only the hands of a just and determined king, cooperated by a crowd of competent and honestpersonnel, and imagines us the fear of the punishment of the powerful avenger.

How did the eloquent peasant  repeat at the head of the veil of the royal palace that he will one day stand before  God,who will hold him responsible for what he has done to restore injustice to him and to restore the right to hiscompanions, because the sovereign is a shepherd responsible for his parish, responsible for ensuring his comfort, if he is better off,  he has the best reward, and if he offends and neglects, the evil fate  that  awaits him in the other life.

The summary of the story is what the peasant (Khen-Anoub) encounters, he and his donkey fell on the land of the noble (Renes ben  Merou)where the supervisor of the noble land named  Nemenetakhet  the accused of destroying the plantation and confiscates his donkey and assaults him,  so the  peasant  presents himselfto the complaint of the supervisor to the noble whoadmires the eloquence of the farmer and demands that he testify and submit his complaint to the king, and when the farmer does so he  waits in vain he blows in the face of the noble who hits the farmer, then the noble restores the farmer and equity and appoints him as supervisor of his land instead of (We will have to sleep.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. the story of Snouhi:

It is also called Senohit or Snouhi, which means “son of the sycamore”, a sacred tree for the Egyptians. This is a true story that occurred during the  12th  dynasty. It is written on (  the  papyrus of  Berlin 3022).

The story of Sinouhé was one of the most beloved stories of the Egyptians throughout the Moyen and the New Kingdoms, and many of its parts have come down to us in writing on thepapyrus or on theostraca, which indicates the popularity of the people, especially the teachers who dictated it to their students.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. There is a consensus among Egyptian scholars that the story of Sinouhé is the best of the Egyptian stories, and that it surpasses others in its style, order and language, and the elements that have met for success story, and not only admired by Egyptian scholars,  but other men of letters in the world share this admiration, and some of them like “Rudyard Kepling” continue to consider it worthy of being placed among the masterpieces of world literature.

Summary of the story of Sinouhé, who grew up in the village  of Ltet Taoui, which was the capital of Egypt at the time of King Amenemhat I(Dynasty  12), where his father was a doctor of the rich capital and the king had grown up and his two sons were seeking to inherit his throne, and one night he heard a dialogue of conspirators about the king,  including the king’s son (Senosert  I),and decided to flee the city for fear of being  involved in the plot,he thought there were those who knew him.

He fled to the country (the  Upper  Retenou) in the center of  Lebanon and worked there as a doctor for the poor, he made his reputation and treated the king whom hekept  close to him and made him his doctor and advisor, the king prepared an army to fight Egypt and he had created metal swords (the swords in his time were made of wood) and captured this for My Son, so we would only suggest and correspond with the king of Egypt and ask for security to come back and tell him his important secret and when he arrived in Egypt he showed the metal sword so the king of Egypt made metal swords to face the king of Retenu.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. the Egyptian king Senosert I triumphed over the invaders of his country thanks to Sinuhe ,who asked the king to give him the security to tell him his story, and he heard it and allowed  him to return to  Egypt safely and be the king’s private doctor.

Return to Egypt to see the land where you were born and raised, in front of the earth at the great bilateral gate, and join the tiles, you are now old, and your difficulty, remember the day of burial, the night of the preparation ofthe strips and shrouds, and a day when you prepare a remarkable procession, and a golden coffin with a lapis lazuli mask. You should not die in an ancient country, and the Bedouins should not hide from you, or be wrapped in the skin of a sheep, this is not the time to travel the earth, count and warn of the disease.

Ancient Egyptian Literature – the story of the lost navigator:

This story dates back to the timeof the Middle Kingdom,and its  papyrus is kept in the St. Petersburg Museum in Moscow, and the story tells theadventure of an Egyptian navigator who took a cruise in the king’s mines as he tells his story to the minister where his ship is hit by a storm and the ship crashes and does not outlive navigators other than him,  and clings to a wood that then reaches an island where it is sheltered.

In this one, he offers offerings to the gods, then shakes the ground and shows him a giant snake asking him why he came to the island, so that the navigator does not respond, then the snake takes the navigator home and gives him security the navigator tells his story, frightened, and the snake reassures him and tells the navigator his story,  the island was a shelter for 75 snakes  including  his  daughter  (a small female), but a star fell on the island and burned all the snakes and his daughter.

He remained alone and told him that the island would sink after the navigator left for his family, then a ship arrived on the island and the snake offered it to the navigator, and he returned home, was honored by the king, and was given slaves to him. This story is like Sinbad’s.

The story of the conquest of Jaffa:

This Egyptian story describes the fall of Jaffa by Commander Thouti, one of the generals of Pharaoh King Thutmose III, and the text of the story can be found on the left page of the papyrus of  (Harris 500), which is considered historical in the strict sense and is similar to the story of the opening of the Greek Trojan Horse in  The Iliade   and Ali Baba in a thousand and one nights. The summary of the story is that Thouti surrounded Jaffa but could not enter it, but he received news from the head of the city that he wanted   Thouti to   join him against the pharaoh.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The commander took advantage of this opportunity and met him in his tent and agreed to resort to him and his knights and troops and he accepts and asks him to show him the pharaoh’s scepter so he brings the scepter and hits commander Jaffa and prepares his medicine and orders the  driver  of the city commander’s tank to shout that they captured Tawati and his soldiers and when the convoy arrives (Thouti) its soldiers hidden in bags on the doors capture the guards of the city and open it easily.

The story of the cursed prince: Ancient Egyptian Literature

A history of the New Kingdom (Dynasty 18) written in hieratic, part of which has been found written on the Harris 500 papyrus preserved in the British Museum.

The summary of the story is that the king of Egypt was unable  to have children,but one night he prayed to the gods to give  him  a  son and the gods told him that his son would die by one of the three animals  (a snake, a crocodile or a dog) and built him a palace isolated from these animals,  and when the son grew up, he saw a dog from his castle with a man and asked his father for a dog he had requested. When the prince grew up with his dog in Mesopotamia, he loved the princess, married her, and told her the truth about her death.

The princess tried to keep his death away by watching over him, preventing snakes from approaching him and when the prince went to the lake, he was trapped by a crocodile who asked God to save him from demons. The burning papyrus ends here, but what it suggests is that he survived the crocodile and may have died because of his dog!

True and short pharaonic stories – the story of the two brothers:

A history of the New Kingdom (the time of King Sethi II) written on a papyrus (D Orbiney) kept in the British Museum. The story of the two brothers among archaeologists was better known by another name, Papyrus D’ Orbiney, whichshe bought from Italy and sold to the British Museum in 1857, after the Louvre declared it unable to obtain it.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. the papyrus is now kept in the British Museum under no. 10183 and can be dated to the nineteenth dynasty (around 1250 B.C), and was transferred from the hieroglyphics by Sir Alan Gardner, as well as by many Egyptian scholars – such as Mueller, Oliver, Scott, Bruner Trott, Winti, Yoyotte, Vandier and others, as well as several Arabic translations of the story, in part or in whole.

The gist of the story is that two brothers, the eldest and the youngest, Bata and  Anoub  who live in a house and work in agriculture and livestock, Anoub’s wife tries to seduce Bata but  he  refuses,  the woman telling her husband that her brother betrayed him and Anoub   tries to kill Bata, who escapes and asks the gods to save him, and the gods create a crocodile lake between the brothers, but Bata crosses it towards his brother and to prove his innocence, he cuts off his genital organ and throws it into the water.

Bata leaves for the Cedar Valley to live and build a house, but he decides to put his heart on top of a cedar tree so that his brother can find it and come back to life if he wants to put it in a pot of cold water, and  Bata marries a beautiful woman who  pleased the eyes of the pharaoh and took it for himself and accepted it and she  told the pharaoh  that  Bata’s heart is placed on the cedar  so the pharaoh  cut off the cedar and Bata’s heart fell  to the ground  and  Bata died.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. His brother heard this, so he  killed his wife and traveled in search of his brother, and when he found    his brother’s  heart thrown on the ground, he put it in a pot of cold water, so  Bata came back to life and  he    took the form of a bull and went to see his wife,  who became the pharaoh’s wife, and when the woman saw the bull, she knew itwas  him  Bata, and she asked the pharaoh to slaughter the bull.

Two drops of the bull’s blood fell to the ground and in their place two magnificent trees grew as the pharaoh’s wife    asked to cut the two trees to make furniture with their woods, but a fragment of wood entered the woman’s mouth and entered the woman’s mouth. and this is how the pharaoh’s wife became pregnant and she gave birth   to a boy who was Bata himself and when the latter grew up he inherited the throne and he appealed to his brother Anoub and he made him his crown prince.

True and short pharaonic stories, the story of Wenamon:

A tale written in hieratic that dates to the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt, and its papyrus is preserved in the Pushkin Museum in Russia.

The exact time of the story is the fifth year of the reign of Pharaoh Ramses XI, the last king of the 20th dynasty, around the priest (Wenamun)in the temple of Karnak, who was sent by the high priest (Herihour) to the Phoenician city of Byblos (Joubail  ) in a ship to bring cedar wood to build a new ship carrying the statue of the God Amun to Tanis.

When he stopped and slept in the port of Dor, ruled by Prince Badir, he was robbed, but he continued his way to Byblos and did not receive a warm welcome in his port.

When he met the king of Byblos  (Zaker Baal), he refused to provide him with wood unless he immediately paid for the goods, so he sent the priest to Egypt and waited a year, after which he decided to leave  Byblos  without  buying the cedar and  he left in his ship,  who was   pushed  by the wind to  Cyprus and almost killed there, but he asked the Queen of Cyprus (Hatby) forhelp   and here the papyrus ends.

The policy reflects the decline in Egypt’s importance at that time to the cities of the Mediterranean and Lebanon treating sleepers and the number of thieves and robberies in ports in a humiliating manner.

True and short pharaonic stories – the story of the Stelle of famine: Ancient Egyptian Literature

It is a stelle  found near Aswan with a drawing at the top and below a text about the famine that took place at the time of King Djoser, and the inscription  on  the carved stelle  e at the top with the representation of  King  Djoser, which presents the offerings to the triad of the first  province of Egypt (Khnum,  Satis and  Anoukis), which is said to have been carved in the Ptolemaic period and written in Egyptian Demotic writing.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The text of the writing indicates that Djoser witnessed seven years of  drought when Imhotep stopped to find a way to end the drought, the minister meets the priests at the temple of Thoth in Hermopolis and informs the king that the God Khnoum(who controls the flood of the Nile) is angry on Elephantine Island   and must be satisfied with the offerings,  the king sends offerings to the Temple of God Khnoum there, and then the king  sees a dream in which Khnoum tells him that hehas accepted the offerings  and will end the drought and famine by overflowing the Nile the  following season.

Thus, the king ordered the monitoring of the rents of the areas between Aswan and Elephantine at the temple of Khnoum, as well as a separate share of imports from Nubia in gratitude to the God Khanoum.

This story may have pointed to the origin of Joseph’s biblical story in the seven lean years, perhaps combining Joseph’s character with Minister Imhotep’sbrilliantengineer. All this can even indicate and confirm what we have always gone to that the Hellenistic era is the age of formulations of the sacred texts of monotheistic religions (Judaism and Christianity in particular) based on the references of ancient and esoteric religions.

Stories of Khaa Em Wass:

He is one of the sons of King Ramses II of the 19th  dynasty, who was crown prince but  died  before his father, and was famous for his wisdom and interest in the revival of rituals,  celebrations and feasts… Stories and stories were written about him and circulated in Greek and Roman times, including the story of (SetenKhaa Em Wass and Princess Ninefert  Ka Ptah) his  papyrus in which he describes how Khaa Em Wass c Shears a magical book in the Egyptian Tombs of Princess  Ninefert  Ka Ptah as a place against the desire of the prince’s spirit.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. When he receives the book, he becomes cursed, then Khaa Em Wass against a beautiful woman who seduces him by killing his children and humiliating himself in front of the pharaoh, then discovers that everything that happened to him is a course of punishment that the prince did for him, so he wakes up and returns the magic book to his grave and buries his children and wife in their graves.

Other stories of Khaa Em Wass have taken place between magic and the world of the dead, and his name appears in the game Age of Legends as Sebna.

True and short pharaonic stories, the story of Inaros II:

Inaros II was the son of the Libyan king Psameticus of Egypt around 460 BC. who revolted against the Persians with the help of the Athenians and managed to defeat the Persian army and forced it to withdraw to  Memphis, but the Persians captured him when they defeated the Athenians after a two-year siege, and about the heroism of this prince turned many stories.

These twelve stories are the best-known stories of ancient Egyptian literature.

The second type of anecdotal and epic literature is (the biography of kings, heroes, and rulers), which is largely historical literature that we find in the search for history and learn about its biography and wars of kings and rulers.

True and short pharaonic stories – The story of truth and lie: Ancient Egyptian Literature

It is wrong to consider this story as a myth as some researchers have done; it is a symbolic story that made the truth and lie two men, that is, it is a symbol of them in the form of two men and gave them their name (truth and lie), and its papyrus manuscript (Chester Beatty II) probably dates to the nineteenth dynasty.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The lie entrusted his brother (the truth) with his dagger and he then managed to steal the dagger, and when the lie asked his brother the truth to return his dagger the truth apologized   for his loss, and of course the lie.   did not accept his excuse and complained to the gods claiming that his dagger is too big to reach the height of a mountain and that his fist is a high tree, so the gods looked at the complaint and asked him to offer compensation and suggested that he tear out his brother’s eyes (the truth) and the truth became a blind guard for the house of lies and the gods agreed.

However, lie decided to kill his brother the truth, so he ordered two of his slaves to kill him but the latter two did not obey his order and they helped the truth to go alone to the foot of the mountain.

The truth  lived  for a while and  he  met a beautiful woman who married him and she put him  in a house near his house so that people would not   know him again,and they had a son  who when he grew up and  he  asked his mother who his father and his mother told him that he was this  caretaker  blind, and when he  took his father’s story  he decided to avenge him, he bought a bull and gave it to one of his cousins (ason to his uncle lie) to keep it for himself until he returned from his trip.

Ancient Egyptian Literature. The cousin saw the bull lying down and admired him and he  killed  him, and when the son came back and knew  what  his cousin did to his bull he complained to the gods and told them that this bull gave birth to sixty  calves a day and that his horns reached the mountains of the east and west,  the gods accused him of exaggerating and lying  so the son of truth  said to the gods  so did you see  a  dagger  high enough as the mountain and its handle at the height of the tree and expose his uncle   (lie) so that the gods  said to whip the lie  One hundred whips  and wounded him five serious injuries and  took away his eyes and he became  a doorman for his brother as punishment for what he did.

This story teaches us that the rope of lies is short, no matter how long it takes, and that truth triumphs over lies no matter what, as it reflects the habits of that time, and this story may have been a literary citation to the legend of Isis with Seth when Isis did everything to have recognition recognized. to the gods of the pantheon the right of his son Horus to inherit his father Osiris & True and short pharaonic.

Ethics in Ancient Egypt | Facts Morality of the Ancient Egyptians, History Ethical Behavior in Pharaonic Civilization and more…

Facts and history of moral values and morals in the Pharaonic civilization, texts of the wise pharaohs and more secrets.
Ethical literature in the civilization of ancient Egypt and texts such as the wise men of the pharaohs. Discover the history and facts of the texts of the commandments in all the texts of the ancient Egyptian wise men, ridicule and humor in the culture of the pharaonic civilization.

Ethical literature expresses the area of delicate balance for a people for a decent life based on justice, experience and deep experience. The Egyptian people were also in their respect for the values of life and the justice of heaven and gods. They have not attained the psychological independence which enabled them for the first time to conceive of human society in its totality.

Until it became in their eyes a kingdom that could be contemplated with grace and contemplation, except after the era of the history of that play by about 1500 years BC. That is, in the feudal era, especially after the year 2000 BC. The result of such contemplation for some people is that they fall into a state of terrible pessimism.

Ethics in Ancient Egypt

Wasn’t society’s morals so unfair that the desire for a “good name” became less than what the singer of the harpsichord imagined? And what does a person gain from this if his good reputation is unjustly lost for no crime, or if his chances of enjoying refuge are cut off by disease or misfortune? In fact, it was this position in itself that appeared before us in a paper now preserved in the Berlin Museum.

It was perhaps the most important document that has come down to us from that time immemorial. We can call it “a dialogue between a desperate person who is tired of life and his soul,” because its old title is missing. The general theme of this dialogue is the deep despair that resulted from such a situation as mentioned above, and the feeling of it led to death being the only salvation.

Ethical literature is divided into four fields:

Moral literature Pharaonic proverbs:

There was no real uniqueness for Egypt in this field. We did not know an accurate transcription dedicated to the proverbs that took place in the mouths of people, but rather we can draw some of these proverbs from the sayings of the wise men who appeared in Egypt. These are some of the sayings that are suitable to be proverbs in the texts of the wise, such as Fatahhotep

(Ptahhotep):

• Getting to know the greatest of people is a whiff of God’s whiffs.
• Do not cause fear in the hearts of people, lest God harm you with the sticks of His vengeance.
• If you want to live from the money of injustice or get rich from it, God will remove His grace from you and make you poor.
• God honors whomever He wills and humiliates whomever He wills, because in His hand are the reins of affairs.
• If you are sane, then raise your son according to what pleases God Almighty. But if his behavior is reckless, then correct his morals and keep him away from evil people, so that he does not underestimate your affairs.
• The management of creation is in the hands of God, who loves His creation.
•  If you attain elevation after insignificance, and acquire wealth after poverty, do not save money by denying rights to
• those who deserve it, for you are trustworthy in God’s blessings, and the trustworthy person fulfills his trust. And that everything that reached you will pass from you to others, and nothing will remain in it for you except the remembrance, whether it is good or bad.

Among the likes of Ptahhotep also:

• Do not be proud of your knowledge, consult the ignorant and the knowledgeable
• The owner of a just judgment is the one who walks in a straight line
• Ankh Shashangi: Do not speak with two voices
• Indeed we are: half life is better than death.

Moral Literature – Selected Examples “Man’s Mouth Delivers Him (From the Tale of the Wandering Mariner).

• He who loses honesty with himself will not be believed by others.
• Do not open your eyes to the mistakes of friends, so as not to lose them.
• The eye that only sees people’s faults is like the eye that only sees their good deeds… Do not rely on them in judging people.
• If evil wears the mask of good, the mask does not hide the evil spirit that lurks behind the mask.
• Be smart in talking and prevail, for a person cultivates the tongue, and tactful speech may be more effective than any fight.
• Do not rely on someone else’s belongings, and do not say that I have a house in the hands of my maternal grandfather.
• The longer the statue of the ruler is alive, the more this indicates the imminent end of it.
• Sin is a curse, for it creates chaos, which, if abused, destroys the soul; And a blessing, if used well, works to restore psychological balance and teaches man wisdom.
• Fear is an evil of the heart that can be overcome by self-control.
• Happiness is like a bird, it does not live with fear… When it feels fear, it flies out of the first window it finds open.
• Do not let the sun go down with a tear in your eyes and heart so that the gods do not judge you in your sleep for what you did while you were awake.
• Hold yourself accountable before you close your eyes, so the morning sun will shine on a day full of hope and happiness.
• Do not stand with the strong against the weak… Rather, let your foot always be with the weak against the strong.
• Clear thinking stems from silence, and excessive talk disrupts thinking.
• Be sincere in your work and do not do work that you do not like, master, or feel comfortable doing.
• Keep your tongue pure and do not pollute it with false utterances and do not let your tongue precede your reasoning and planning.
• Your son inherited the knowledge that I inherited in order to find the right path in life. The son of the lion does not live in the water and the son of the whale does not live in the land” (Dr. Sayed Karim, Judgment and Proverbs in Pharaonic Literature, Architecture and Arts website.

Ethics in Ancient Egypt – satire, humor and animal texts:

The texts of satire, humor and animals did not reach us, but this does not mean that there is no such literature as evidenced by the fact that we found satirical drawings in the animal world as follows:

The Egyptians fixed on one of the ancient ostraca pieces a satirical drawing of a struggle between cats and mice, where the king of mice rides on a chariot led by two dogs and attacks a castle guarded by cats. Perhaps this drawing is the first satirical caricature that alludes to the people’s anger at their rulers, and that was around 1300 BC.

There are other drawings of a fox grazing herds of goats! And a wolf leads the geese! On the other hand, the texts of irony, humor and animals that have come down to us were very few, and it is believed that they were very common at that time in Egypt.

It seems that cat-and-mouse conflict was common in popular literature in ancient Egypt, and therefore you find some expressions in these and other cartoons

Like (the cat becomes a slave to the lady mouse) and (the army of rats attacks the cat squad)…. etc.

 

References Ancient Egyptian Literature: The Book of Egyptian Civilization

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