God Horus | Facts The Egyptian Gods and Goddesses | God of Sun, Goodness and Justice, the Sky in Pharaonic Civilization & Most Important Ancient Egypt Deities, Mythology Symbols, Definition, Temple, Photo, Who was and more Religious rituals in the Pharaonic.
the symbol of the sun, goodness and justice among the ancient Pharaohs and Egyptians | Facts and history of the gods and religious beliefs in the civilization of ancient Egypt, discover myths, temples, tales about him, and more.
the sun god of the ancient Egyptians, is one of the most famous gods in the ancient era. He is also one of the gods who came in animal images. He has a temple that was built during the reign of Ptolemy III and it is a very huge temple. Learn more about the god below.
Genesis IV (King of the Gods: Horus):
The end of the creation of the universe and the cosmic order in the third phase was the end of an all-encompassing divine phase. The Egyptian spirit seemed to be a circular dialectical spirit; the great God who appeared at the end of the creation of the divine universe was the God (Hor Weris) who represented the Sun.
The last layer of the Egyptian genealogy represents the son-god of the sun, who came as we see it in two ways: first, he was one of the oldest gods, and had nothing to do with Osiris and Isis, but was the sun god, who first appeared in Upper Egypt and then became after the unification of Egypt the greatest god of Egypt since the beginning of the historical era.
The second way came from the mating of Osiris and Isis, where they begat the God Horus, who had earthly, non-solar, fertile qualities as before in the first way (the son of the Enead of Heliopolis) but the two faces – the earth and the sun – mixed with each other to form the image of the universal Egyptian God, which came from the integration of the official theologians represented by Ra with the popular theology represented by Osiris.
The appearance of the sun at the end of the Egyptian divine pantheon, encrusted or enriched by all the powers that have emerged, gives us the opportunity to reflect on the character of the God (Horus).
In our opinion, Horus represents the precise version of the idea that the pharaoh is considered a God or the Son of the Sun.
Ancient Egyptian gods:
Horus is the source of the monarchy and is the son of the god Osiris and the sun god at the same time:
The name “Hor” or “Her” is derived from the word “distant,” his earliest image was that he represented the sky with his eyes, the sun, and the moon, touching one side of his wings, the last edge of the earth.
The main conflict between Seth and Horus unfolded like contradictory faces of evil and good, day and night. The root of this conflict was political between the God of the delta and the God of the desert, or more precisely between the God of Egypt and the God of the Sahara, then the myth of the conflict between them moved to the Osirian culture and became part of the myth of Osiris and Isis.
Horus became the son of Osiris, and the conflict between Seth and Osiris took place first, then between Horus and Seth, who killed his father. As the stones of the first family Pharaonic Tombs show, the animal was a donkey-like animal, with long legs, long ears, and a short tail.
It also seems that the early Egyptians transformed this symbol of at least the Old Kingdom, into a strange animal form closer to a dog with a rectangular neck, square ears, a long-arched front and an existing tail, and it was not surprising that the efforts of Egyptologist failed to distinguish the animal origin of the organism.
The legend of the birth of Horus:
Seth lived in these wild swamps, and this is where Horus was born, so the Hathor cow took care of him and gave him milk, and she took care of him and raised him away from the eyes of people in the land of Khem.
The legend Seth sends a scorpion to bite Horus:
Seth knew the child and sent a scorpion to sting him during the absence of his mother, who found him almost dead, so she called around the villagers and then knew that he had been stung and realized that her magic would not work, so she started shouting:
What if your son Horus was stung, what if Horus,the crown prince of the throne (Shaw), the handsome child with golden organs was stung, what if the poplar of the son of Isis was stung, what if the poplar you prepared to avenge his father was stung, what if the poplar I feared would be wounded in my belly was stung, what if the poplar I fed was pricked, the poplar of the child whose life was stung.
The legend of Thot saves Horus:
The gods rushed to Isis and the goddesses (Selket) and Nephtis came, then Isis uttered a loud cry stopped the boat of the sun, and Ra sent his messenger to look forward and came to look at her and came to find out what had happened to Horus and began to read his magic spells in which he lists the descriptions of Poplar and compares them to the descriptions of the gods: “Poplar surrounded by care, poplar like that of the disc of the sun that illuminates the two lands with the light of its eyes, that is to say the poplar, to wake up.
If your immunity is certain, wake up and bring joy to the heart of your mother, Isis,the words of Horus will bind hearts, if Horus will spread peace to those who wish peace, I will live for the eldest son of Ra, if Atum and his companions order me to heal a poplar to read his mother’s eye, and to cure all those who have the same disease, he will live Horus for his mother, and thus all those who have the same disease.
Then Horus heals, the gods rejoice, and Isis rejoices.
The legends and myths of the pharaohs – A legend when Horus became a man:
Isis did everything in his power to raise Horus and save him from the horrors that surround him, and it is said that he killed a snake in his youth, and he reached the amount of masculinity through a ritual focused on the strap of his belt performed by Isis, and when he becomes a man lands with him to the rest of his father and asks him to stay with him as a divine image of eternal time, and then present it to the Council of Gods.
There, Horus says, “I am Horus, I am the great hawk that is in the walls of the Palace of God with the name hidden, I have reached my beginning of the horizon, and I have moved away from the gods of heaven, and I have taken my place in a place higher than the place of the primary gods, and even God (Yao) cannot reach my first manifestation.
My place is far from that of the six enemies of Bu Osiris, I conquered the paths of eternal time and light, and I was resurrected by my beginning. No other God can accomplish what she has accomplished. I will wage a war against the Enemy of Bu Osiris and put it under my own violent name, I am a poplar born by wealth, which I have secured since I was inside the egg. Your glowing breaths can’t hurt me, just as what you tell me doesn’t hit me. I am Horus, the son of Isis.
The legend of the meeting of Gods in the court:
Horus came to Atum to claim his father’s throne, and Atum ordered the convocation of the Court of the Gods, composed of the Divine Ennead, and when the God was held, the eye (and face) was presented to Prince Horus: The God Shu stood next to Horus and against Seth,and he was sustained by the conversion and joy of Isis, and the God Atum (the sun god) tended to stand with Seth who guarded his boat in his night journey.
The court was chaotic because of the division of opinions, and the God (Anoris) saw the use of both Khnum and Ptah Tatenen to rule on the matter, and when they came, they apologized for it because they didn’t know it.
The legends and myths of the Pharaohs – The Legend of the Mother Goddess (Neith) gives her verdict:
The court decided that Thot had to write a letter to the mother goddess Neith to rule on this question, then they received her answer, which took the side of Horus, and considered that it should hand over the power from Osiris to his son Horus and double the ownership of Seth and the God Ra gives him his daughters (Enat) and (Eshtar), but the god Ra objected to this opinion claiming that Horus is still a boy. Then the God (Baba) revolted and accused Ra of insanity, and Ra suffered this insult and became bedridden, and the court was dismissed.
The legend of the court opposes Horus:
After many years, the goddess Hathor, the lady of Southern Sycamore, appeared in the hands of her father Ra and revealed her intimate organs before him, then Ra laughed and stood up and recovered, and the court met again and told (Seth) and (Horus) to speak, so Seth spoke and said that he was exterminating Ra’s enemy when he stood at the front of his boat and that he deserved the place of Osiris, the gods supported his request.
But Osiris and Thot opposed it and the court won again, Horus spoke angrily, then Isis spoke angrily, and Seth threatened the gods that he would kill them all. Ra then angered Isis and demanded that the court should be held in the central island on the condition that Isis or her ile did not appear.
The legends and myths of the pharaohs – The legend of Horus’ first victory:
The gods of the Enead crossed to the west bank and sat on the hill, and Ra and Atum wrote a letter to the Enead ordering the gods to put the white crown on Horus’ head to take the throne from his father Osiris because they were bored of the cause of the long wait. But Seth,who fell ill, cried out to the Enead after Horus ascended the throne and opposed it. Horus defied in an open battle.
The legends and myths of the pharaohs – The legend of Hathor heals the eyes of Horus:
She left Hathor, The Lady of southern Sycamore, and found Horus in the desert, lying in tears, and then the Enead decided to leave them.
The legend of the court decides the peace between Horus and Seth:
The Court of the Enead decided to impose peace between Horus and Seth and that they live together without fighting; to eat and drink without causing problems. The sentence of the Enead is firm (stop fighting).
The legend of the second conflict between Seth and Horus:
Seth invited Horus to have a good day at his house.
Then Isis massaged Horus’ male and she put the sauce in a bowl, and she asked him to go to Seth’s garden and said to the gardener: What does Seth prefer to eat from the vegetables and he replied: lettuce, so Isis poured Horus’ sperm over the lettuce, so Seth ate it and he carried Horus’ sperm in his belly. Seth summoned Horus to the Court of the Enead and said he had done this to him.
But Horus said call my sperm and you will see, when they called Seth’s sperm, they found it in the water as for Horus’ sperm they were called to get out of Seth’s ear but it was impossible, he told them to come out of his forehead, and they came out in the form of a gold disc put on Seth’s head as a weapon and announced the sincerity of Horus and the sin of Seth.
The myth of the third conflict between Seth and Horus:
Seth refused the decision of the Enead and said to compete with Horus for the manufacture of stone ships, and whoever wins the other will get the king’s place, so Horus built for himself a cedar wood ship and covered it with plaster and dropped the water in the evening and did not see the locals and saw Seth, so he went to the hill and cut off its top and made himself a 138-armed stone ship that he brought back into the water and drowned with the copper hook and wanted to stab Seth from it but the gods of the Enead said: Don’t stab him.
Legends of the Pharaohs – The legend of Horus’ complaint to the goddess Neith:
Horus went to the city of Saïs to inform the mother goddess (Neith) of his complaint.
The legend of Thot written for Osiris:
So he wrote a letter to Osiris to separate them? Ra agreed, and he wrote a conversion to Osiris, who is in the world of the dead, and Osiris returned the answer, stood beside his son Horus, and said to the gods of the Enead,I am the one who made you powerful beings, and created barley and wheat for you, so that the gods and cattles would also live in the protection of the gods, and no God has done it except me.
. Ra responded with a harsh message and told him, “The account is in your world and now I have all the bad guys, and Osiris responded with a fair and honest message and admitted it.
Legend of Seth that recognizes the kingship of Horus:
Seth asked to move to the central island to argue Horus, so he moved there and Horus was just on his account, Atum sent a letter to Isis asking her to bring Seth tied up in a stake, and when Seth arrived. Atum told him why you are hindering your rule and seek to grasp the position, Seth said: Give the position to Horus son of Isis.
The legends and myths of the pharaohs – The Legend of the Coronation of Horus:
Horus was summoned and put the white crown on his head and placed on his father’s throne and told him (you are now the complete king of the beloved land, you are the Lord of Life, Prosperity, Health and Perfection of the Whole Earth for eternal time and infinite time) and Isis openly cried out to him (you are the complete king, my heart is happy because you illuminate the country with your light).
The legends and myths of the pharaohs – The legend of Seth’s fate:
The God Atum asked Ptah about Seth’s fate, and he said that he invited me to be based in my company, and my son will roar in the sky and people fear Seth for storms, and fluctuations of the world. Ra learned of the coronation of Horus and ordered the gods of the Enead to bow to him and greet him, and the joy of the gods of the Enead because Horus became king of Egypt and king of the gods.
Other texts explain some battles between Seth and Horus before the trial, and Osiris and the meeting between father and son, the Union of Ra and Osiris,were sent to further study immortality which cannot be told here. It should be noted that most of the myth of the conflict between Horus and Seth has been summarized here, in which we have relied on the Arabic translation of Maher Ghayati, citing the French translatione of Claire Lalouette based on ancient Egyptian texts.
Many myths of death begin in the early hours of death and end when the deceased in the other world received heaven or hell, two relatively different concepts from what we know in monotheistic religions, about paradise, fire or heaven and hell, although it was the Egyptian heritage that was the first root of their image in these religions.
Urban Legends – Competition for Governance between Horus and Seth:
Horus then built himself a cedar boat and smeared it with plaster (lime sulphate) and pushed it into the water in the evening without being seen by anyone in all countries. When Seth saw the ship of Horus, he thought it was from stones, went to the mountain, carved the top of a mountain, and built for himself a ship of one hundred and thirty-eight arms.
They then disembarked in their ships in the presence of the Enead. Seth’s ship then sank into the water. Seth then made the impossible to be a hippopotamus, so that he could work on the sinking of the boat of Horus. Horus then took his bayonet and threw it towards His Majesty Seth. Then the toads said, “Don’t aim at him.”
He then took the water weapons and loaded them into his ship and sailed north towards Sais. Speaking of the great intention of the Mother Goddess: “It is correct for a verdict between me and Seth, as long as we have appeared in court for 80 years now, (XIVI) but no one has been able to separate us, he has not ruled against me but he condemns me against him every day I throw it once so far! But he doesn’t care about anything: Horus says so. I discussed it in the spacious room (named)
I discussed it in the spacious room (called Horus-Advanced – Centuries) and ruled in my favor against it. I discussed it in the spacious room (called) a “playground” and ruled in my favor against it. I discussed it in the spacious lake (surveyor) “Lake Field” and ruled in my favor against him.
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The myth of the god Horus:
- At the beginning of time, the god Horus was the son of the God Ra, “the symbol of the sky,” and he had two eyes, the sun and the moon. After a while, the God Set appeared and was evil and uprooted the moon’s eye from the god Horus, so the moon began to appear completely once every month and disappear again.
- Horus was known as the god of the sun, and for his fame a huge temple was built for him during the reign of Ptolemy III.
- The temple was built in nearly 200 years and was completed during the reign of Ptolemy the 13th, specifically in the first century BC.
- It is said in the ancient myths that Horus was a symbol of goodness and justice, and his father was Osiris, and he was the god of reckoning among the ancient Egyptians.
- According to the religious legend, Seth is the evil uncle of Horus, who killed his father and distributed its parts in the Nile River.
- While Isis collected the body of Osiris and established an intimate relationship with him, from which Horus came.
- The mother of Horus Isis also mummified the body of Osiris, and thus this process was the first mummification process.
- Horus avenged his father from his evil uncle, so he was called “the protector of his father”, and during the battle of revenge for his father, Horus lost his left eye.
- Osiris became the god of reckoning in the afterlife, while his son Horus became the god of the worldly life.
- Each of the kings who ruled Egypt was ruling in the name of Horus, meaning that the kings are abstract representatives of the great god Horus.
- He also used the ancient god Horus in administrative work and wars.
- There is a large group of Egyptian incantations, which contained the word “Wajat”, which means the eye of Horus, which was attached to the chest.
King Horus
- Ancient Horus was the ideal for all the kings of Egypt, due to his strength and ability to take revenge on his uncle and take revenge on his father.
- Since Horus was a recipient of reverence and wide popularity, his name was chosen for many kings, among them “The Living Horus”, which is the first nickname that was found.
- The name of the god Horus was also associated with Hathor and the king who was called the first scorpion.
- The title of Horus was present on Narmer, or it is also called the King Mina painting, which dates back to the era of the First Dynasty.
- The painting refers to Horus holding the heads of defeated enemies and placing them before the king.
- The titles of kings in the past contained the name of Horus until the Fourth Dynasty, such as the title of Golden Horus.
Eye of Horus
- The Eye of Horus was used in a variety of uses, including the distribution of grain.
- Where the eye was used as a standard such as the standard of half, quarter, third, and so on.
- God Horus had a group of sons, including Hapi, Amsti, and Domotiv, which means his mother’s protector.
- In addition to Kabhassanouf, which means giving drink to his brother.
- There is a depiction of the four sons of Horus standing on the lotus flower for the purpose of holding people accountable.
- The sons were also carrying out the process of mummification, through the anatomy of the body and the removal of organs outside it.
- The entrails of the body are placed in flasks in order to preserve the internal viscera.
- God Horus used to present the dead to Osiris in the event that the deceased succeeded in the features of the heart.
- Cardiac balance is a test to know the heart condition of the deceased.
Eye of Horus Symbol in Ancient Egypt | What is the Eye of Ra meaning in Pharaonic Civilization, Disocver Egyptian Facts and more…
The mythology of Isis, Osiris and Horus is arguably one of the most well-known mythologies in ancient Egypt.
The ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest cultures in human history.
The ancient Egyptians are known for pioneering art, medicine, and documenting discoveries as mythological tales.
The Egyptians mastered the integration of anatomy and mythology into artistic symbols and figures. The mythology of Isis, Osiris and Horus is arguably one of the most well-known mythologies in ancient Egypt.
Eye of Horus
The Eye of Horus was used as a sign of prosperity and protection, derived from the myth of Isis and Osiris. This symbol has an amazing connection between neuroanatomical structure and function. Artistically, the eye consists of six different parts. From a mythological point of view, each part of the eye is considered an individual symbol. Additionally, parts of the eye represent items in the 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, and 1/32 series; When this image is superimposed on a sagittal image of the human brain, it appears that each part corresponds to the anatomical location of a specific human sensorium.
In this article, we highlight the possible scholarly speculation about the ingenuity of the ancient Egyptians’ remarkable insight into human anatomy and physiology.
Introduction & Background Eye of Horus
The ancient Egyptian civilization is known for many innovations that led to the development of modern systems and tools that are used daily in today’s world. These innovations include discoveries in human anatomy and medicine that led to surgical techniques and instruments that are still in use today. The Egyptians documented many of their finds by combining mythology and mysticism with fact.
We conducted a literature search by searching the PubMed database, National Geographic Magazine, medical and anatomical history books, and Google Scholar using the search terms: neuroanatomy, Eye of Horus, and the neuroanatomical basis for the Eye of Horus. We could not find any original articles or attempts that reveal the neuroanatomical origins of the Eye of Horus.
The ancient Egyptians mastered the integration of anatomical knowledge and mythological stories into artistic symbols and figures. Artistically, the eye consists of six different parts. Mythologically, each part is considered an individual symbol. Anatomically, each part corresponds to the center of a specific human sensorium. For many years the Eye of Horus was considered a symbol of prosperity and protection by the ancient Egyptians, and its legacy has continued in modern Egypt. However, upon a closer look at its artistic design and understanding of the epic story behind its creation, the current perception of the eye as a unique mythological symbol becomes a powerful example of the ancient Egyptians’ detailed understanding of human anatomy and physiology.
Background and mythology Eye of Horus
The mythology of the Eye of Horus begins with the story of Osiris. This story is the most famous mythology in ancient Egypt. It illustrates the eternal struggle between the virtuous, the sinful, and punishment. Osiris was the eldest son of the earth god Geb and the sky goddess Nut, and was known as the god of the underworld but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration.
Osiris had three siblings: Isis, Set and Nephthys. Osiris married his sister Isis, as was contemporary royal custom, and had a son named Horus. The myth began when Set, Osiris’ brother, murdered Osiris in order to ascend the throne, causing disorder and chaos in ancient Egypt. Set’s brutality didn’t stop with killing Osiris, and he proceeded to cut Osiris’ body into 14 pieces that were spread across ancient Egypt. According to ancient Egyptian traditions, in order for a king’s spirit to pass into the underworld, the body had to be appropriately embalmed and buried in the royal tombs. This proper burial enabled the body to pass through the gates of the underworld and be judged according to their deeds.
Isis traveled with Horus in search of the body parts of Osiris. Isis also enlisted the help of her sister Nephthys and Nephthys’ son, Anubis. Anubis was the son of Nephthys and Osiris, and it is said that Nephthys maliciously assumed the form of Isis to seduce Osiris and conceive Anubis. Isis, Nephthys, Anubis and Horus were able to find 13 parts of Osiris.
The spirit of Osiris could then go to Amenti, the arrive and rule the dead. When Horus killed Set in the great battle at Edfu, he proclaimed his kingdom and restored order to Egypt.
Eye of Horus
The ancient Egyptians were pioneers in art and medicine. This is evident in the artistic dimensions of the Eye of Horus. The Eye of Horus was divided into six distinct parts called heqat factions, in which each part was considered a symbol in its own right. The heqat is one of the oldest Egyptian measurement systems in which the numerical values are perceived as a sequential pattern. Gay Robins and Charles Shute discussed this concept in their explanation of ancient Egyptian mathematical measures in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, believed to be the oldest ancient mathematical writing. In the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, the heqat was described as a unit of volume used for measuring commodities such as grain and flour, and it was estimated at 4.8 litres, just over a gallon.
The fragments of the Eye of Horus were joined together to form the whole eye, similar to the myth, and these fragments were given a range of numerical values with a numerator of one and dominators to powers of two: 1/2, 1/4, 1/ 8, 1/16, 1/32 and 1/64.
Some historians have suggested that each part of the eye represents one of the six senses: smell, sight, thought, hearing, taste, and touch.
The 1/2 stands for smell, 1/4 for sight, 1/8 for thinking, 1/16 for hearing, 1/32 for taste and 1/64 for touch. Surprisingly, when we overlay these proposed parts over the mean sagittal image of the human brain, each component corresponds to parts of human neuroanatomical features.
Odor: 1/2
To show the importance of the Eye of Horus in human neuroanatomy, we go beyond the visual world and explore the hidden mysteries of the human senses, beginning with smell. On the Eye of Horus, smell is represented by the triangular object on the right side of the eye’s pupil, represented by the yellow triangle
The ancient Egyptians used this legendary fight as a metaphor for the struggle between good and evil, order and chaos. After this, Horus was deified by the ancient Egyptians in the form of the Eye of Horus, which was considered a symbol of prosperity and protection.
On closer inspection, this triangular object was designed to resemble the side view of the human nose as a symbol of smell, and was given the fraction 1/2 heqat. The 1/2 heqat fraction is also in the same location and shape as the olfactory trine
Eyesight: 1/4 – Eye of Horus
Humans perceive vision when light strikes the retina inside the eyeball, sending neural electrical impulses through the optic pathways to the interthalamic adhesions (massa intermedia), where some of the thalamic fibers that carry vision gather along with other sensations move to the midline and then curve laterally to the same thalamus.
The impulses are sent from the thalamus to the optic radiation pathways and then to the visual cortex in the occipital lobes. On the Eye of Horus, the pupil of the eye represents the sight or visual sensation and was given the 1/4 heqat fraction.
We assume that the massa intermedia (interthalamic adhesion) was the visual center; However, we acknowledge that there is no strong evidence to support our hypothesis. The 1/4 heqat fraction is also in the same position and shape as the massa intermedia (interthalamic adhesion).
Wisdom: 1/8 – Eye of Horus
One of the metaphorical names of the Eye of Horus is the Eye of the Spirit, named for its reputation as a symbol of wisdom or thought. Wisdom is represented by the eyebrow of the eye and is given the 1/8 heqat portion.
The eyebrow is often associated with thinking; For example, we move our eyebrows to express different emotions. From an anatomical point of view, it resembles the corpus callosum.
The corpus callosum is the largest collection of white matter fibers in the brain and facilitates the rapid transmission of neuronal impulses between the two hemispheres. On the Eye of Horus, the eyebrow represents wisdom and was given the 1/8 heqat fraction. The 1/8 heqat fraction closely resembles the location and shape of the corpus callosum.
Hearing: 1/16
The primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe is represented by the names Brodmann areas 41 and 42, located in the anterior transverse temporal lobe (Brodmann area 41) and posterior transverse temporal lobe (Brodmann area 42). On the Eye of Horus, hearing is represented by the triangular object and lateral commissure (canthus) on the left side of the eye’s pupil, represented by the cyan dotted triangle and the attached dotted line
and received the 1/16 heqat faction. The 1/16 heqat fraction aligns with the same location and shape of Brodmann areas 41 and 42.
Taste: 1/32
The taste sensation is carried to the thalamus and then to the primary taste area of the cerebral cortex for interpretation. On the Eye of Horus, Taste is represented by the curved tail and was given the 1/32 heqat fraction. The 1/32 heqat fraction of the eye is similar to the taste pathway in the human brain. We suspect that the ancient Egyptians used this fraction as part of their mystical arts.
Touch: 1/64 – Eye of Horus
The sensation of touch is transmitted through the somatosensory pathway, which transmits numerous bodily sensations, i. H. light touch, pain, pressure, temperature, joint and muscle position sense (proprioception).
These sensations are divided into three groups, and each group travels a different route in the spinal cord to a different destination in the cerebral cortex.
The first group includes the perception of touch, pressure and vibration and allows us to define the shapes and textures of the objects without sight. These senses are carried by the posterior columnar-medial lemniscus pathway of the spinal cord.
The second group includes pain and temperature sensations carried by the lateral spinothalamic tract. The third group includes proprioception, which allows us to sense the relative position of body parts and the force required for movement.
On the Eye of Horus, the touch sensation is represented by the straight object coming down from the right side of the eye and was given the 1/64 heqat fraction. The 1/64 heqat fraction of the eye resembles the somatosensory pathway.
Conclusion – Eye of Horus
While we recognize the risks of over-interpreting a symbolic masterpiece like the Eye of Horus, we suggest that the anatomical metaphors in the Eye of Horus are not accidental and deserve discussion. The ancient Egyptians were leaders in medicine and anatomy. This can be found in documented papyrus, as well as the walls of many temples and tombs.
In creating Eye of Horus, the ancient Egyptians combined their artistic skills and knowledge of anatomy with their deep belief in mythology. More importantly, we argue that there is a clear influence of their interpretation of the human senses on the size and shape of the eye.
This is an amazing achievement considering that X-ray and computer technology were not available at the time. The importance of our theory of the Eye of Horus is not intended to be used as an anatomical gold standard, but rather to recognize and celebrate the genius and foresight of an ancient civilization in deciphering the intricate workings of the human central nervous system.
