Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt | History and facts Ptolemaic dynasty, architecture, Female Pharaohs and Egyptian Pharaohs kings, the secrets of Ptolemy I and more Ancient Egypt History.
The Ptolemaic era is one of the eras that ancient Egypt passed through. The Ptolemies are a family whose origins go back to Macedonia and which came to Egypt after the death of Alexander the Great. Their arrival was in the year 323 BC, and the arrival of the Ptolemies was led by Ptolemy, who ruled Egypt after that..
Ptolemaic Kingdom Facts
List of Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs kings in the Greek and Ptolemaic era:
| King Ptolemy I SoterRuled Reign period: 305–282 BC
Date of birth: 360 BC Date of death: 280 BC Father: King Lagus. Mother: Queen Arsinoe. Wife: Queen Thaïs, Queen Artakama, Queen Eurydice, Queen Berenice. Children: Ptolemy Keraunos, Meleager, Arsinoe II, Philotera, Lysandra, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Berenice, Eirene, Lagus, Leontiscus, Ptolemais. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin, Bust, |
| King Ptolemy II PhiladelphusRuled Reign period: 284 –246 BC
Date of birth: 309 BC Date of death: 246 BC Father: King Ptolemy I. Mother: Queen Berenice I. Wife: Queen Arsinoe I, Queen Arsinoe II. Children: Ptolemy III, Lysimachus, Berenice, Ptolemy Andromachou. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin, Plaque depicting. |
| Queen Arsinoe IIRuled Reign period: 277–270 BC
Date of birth: 316 BC Date of death: 270 BC Father: King Ptolemy I Soter. Husband: King Lysimachus, King Ptolemy Keraunos, King Ptolemy II Philadelphos. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| King Ptolemy III EuergetesRuled Reign period: 246–222 BC
Date of birth: 280 BC Date of death: 222 BC Father: King Ptolemy II. Mother: Queen Arsinoe I. Wife: Queen Berenice II. Children: Ptolemy IV, Arsinoe III, Alexander, Magas, Berenice. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| Queen Berenice II EuergetisRuled Reign period: 244–221 BC
Date of birth: 267 BC Date of death: 221 BC Father: King Magas. Mother: Queen Apama II. Husband: King Ptolemy III Euergetes. Children: Ptolemy IV, Arsinoe III, Alexander, Berenice. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin, Temple at Cape Zephyrium in Alexandria, stone statues. |
| King Ptolemy IV PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 222–204 BC
Date of birth: 244 BC Date of death: 205 BC Father: King Ptolemy III. Mother: Queen Berenice II. Wife: Queen Arsinoe III, Queen Agathoclea. Children: Ptolemy V. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| Queen Arsinoe III PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 220–204 BC
Date of birth: 246 BC Date of death: 203 BC Father: King Ptolemy III. Mother: Queen Berenice II. Husband: King Ptolemy IV. Children: Ptolemy V. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| King Ptolemy V Epiphanes EucharistosRuled Reign period: 204–180 BC
Date of birth: 210 BC Date of death: 180 BC Father: King Ptolemy IV. Mother: Queen Arsinoe III. Wife: Queen Cleopatra I. Children: Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin, The Rosetta Stone. |
| Queen Cleopatra I SyraRuled Reign period: 193–176 BC
Date of birth: 204 BC Date of death: 176 BC Father: King Antiochus III the Great. Mother: Queen Laodice III. Husband: King Ptolemy V. Children: Ptolemy VI, Ptolemy VIII, Cleopatra II. |
| King Ptolemy VI PhilometorRuled Reign period: 163 – 145 BC
Date of birth: 184 BC Date of death: 145 BC Father: King Ptolemy V. Mother: Queen Cleopatra I. Wife: Queen Cleopatra II. Children: Ptolemy Eupator, Cleopatra Thea, Cleopatra III, Ptolemy. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| Queen Cleopatra II Philometor SoteiraRuled Reign period: 124–116 BC
Date of birth: 185 BC Date of death: 116 BC Father: King Ptolemy V. Mother: Queen Cleopatra I. Husband: King Ptolemy VI, King Ptolemy VIII. Children: Ptolemy Eupator, Cleopatra Thea, Cleopatra III, Ptolemy. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| King Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II TryphonRuled Reign period: 170–164 BC
Date of birth: 184 BC Date of death: 116 BC Father: King Ptolemy V. Mother: Queen Cleopatra I. Wifes: Queen Cleopatra II, Queen Cleopatra III. Children: Ptolemy Apion, Ptolemy Memphites, Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy X, Cleopatra IV, Tryphaena, Cleopatra Selene. The Discovery: Ptolemaic coin. |
| King Ptolemy VII Neos PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 145–144 BC
Father: King Ptolemy VI Philometor. Mother: Queen Cleopatra II. |
| Queen Cleopatra IIIRuled Reign period: 142–131 BC
Date of birth: BC Date of death: BC Father: King Ptolemy VI Philometor. Mother: Queen Cleopatra II. Husband: King Ptolemy VIII. Children: Ptolemy IX, Ptolemy X, Cleopatra IV, Tryphaena, Cleopatra Selene, Tryphaena. |
| King Ptolemy IX Soter II or Lathyros, Ptolemy Philometor SoterRuled Reign period: 116–107 BC
Father: King Ptolemy VIII. Mother: Queen Cleopatra III. Wifes: Queen Cleopatra IV, Cleopatra Selene. Children: Berenice III, Ptolemy XII, Ptolemy, Cleopatra V. |
| Queen Cleopatra IVRuled Reign period: 116–115 BC
Father: King Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Mother: Queen Cleopatra III. Husband: King Ptolemy IX, King Antiochus IX. Children: Ptolemy XII, Ptolemy of Cyprus, Antiochus X, Cleopatra V. |
| King Ptolemy X Alexander IRuled Reign period: 107–88 BC
Father: King Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Mother: Queen Cleopatra III . Wifes: Queen Cleopatra Selene, Queen Berenice III. Children: Ptolemy XI, Cleopatra V. |
| Queen Berenice III or Cleopatra BereniceRuled Reign period: 81–80 BC
Father: King Ptolemy IX Soter. Mother: Queen Cleopatra Selene. Husband: King Ptolemy X, King Ptolemy XI Alexander II. Children: Cleopatra V. |
| King Ptolemy XI Alexander IIRuled Reign period: 80 BC
Father: King Ptolemy X Alexander I. Mother: Queen Cleopatra Selene. Wife: Queen Berenice III. |
| King Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysus or AuletesRuled Reign period: 80–58 BC
Father: King Ptolemy IX. Mother: Queen Cleopatra Selene. Children: Berenice IV, Cleopatra VII, Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV. |
| Queen Cleopatra VRuled Reign period: 79–68 BC
Date of birth: BC Date of death: BC Father: King Ptolemy IX. Mother: Queen Cleopatra IV . Husband: King Ptolemy XII Children: Berenice IV, Cleopatra VII, Cleopatra Tryphaena II, Arsinoe IV, Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV. |
| Queen Cleopatra VI Tryphaena or Cleopatra Tryphaena IIRuled Reign period: 58–57 BC
Date of birth: BC Date of death: BC Father: King Ptolemy IX. Mother: Queen Cleopatra IV. Husband: King Ptolemy XII |
| Queen Berenice IV EpiphaneiaRuled Reign period: 58–55 BC
Father: King Ptolemy XII Auletes. Mother: Queen Cleopatra V. Husband: King Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes, King Archelaus I |
| Queen Cleopatra VII Thea PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 52–30 BC
Father: King Ptolemy XII Auletes. Mother: Queen Cleopatra V. Husband: King Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator, Ptolemy XIV, Mark Antony. Children: Caesarion, Alexander Helios, Cleopatra Selene II, Ptolemy, Philadelphus. |
| King Ptolemy XIII Theos PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 51–13 BC
Father: King Ptolemy XII Auletes. Wife: Queen Cleopatra VII. |
| Queen Arsinoe IVRuled Reign period: 48–47 BC
Father: King Ptolemy XII Auletes. |
| King Ptolemy XIV PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 47–44 BC
Father: King Ptolemy XII Auletes. Wife: Queen Cleopatra VII. |
| King Ptolemy XIV PhilopatorRuled Reign period: 44–30 BC
Father: King Ptolemy XII Auletes. Wife: Queen Cleopatra VII. |
Who is the founder of the Ptolemaic era in Egypt?
Ptolemy I Soter was the first founder of the Ptolemaic kingdom in Egypt.
The time period was 305 to 30 BC.
Who is the last pharaoh of that period?
Cleopatra VII was the last queen of that era.
When was the founding of the Kingdom and when did it end?
The kingdom was founded in 305 and ended in 30 BC.
What countries were part of the kingdom?
Egypt, Cyprus, Jordan, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Greece, Libya.
What is the capital of the Ptolemaic era in Egypt?
The capital of the Kingdom is Alexandria.
What was the dominant religion in the era of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Ptolemaic worship, Judaism, Hermetic religion, Greek religion, Hellenistic religion.
Ptolemaic Kingdom
That kingdom was established in 305 BC, and that kingdom lasted until 30 BC, that is, nearly 3 centuries..
This kingdom is considered one of the longest periods of rule in ancient Egypt.
The beginning of the kingdom was with Alexander the Great’s invasion of Egypt during the period of Persian rule.
When Alexander died in 323 BC, the empire collapsed and the craft of Sculpture in Ancient Egypt and Architecture in ancient Egypt began to deteriorate..
Ptolemy, Alexander’s closest friend, managed to gain the rule of Egypt, declared himself pharaoh, and performed the Coronation of the Pharaohs.
The capital, Alexandria, was a center of Ancient Egyptian science and Trade in Ancient Egypt, as well as culture in Ancient Egyptian Literature.
The kingdom extended from Egypt to eastern Libya and Sinai, until it extended south to Nubia, south of Egypt, as in the Geography of ancient Egypt.
Adopting the title of pharaoh was an attempt by the Ptolemies to accept Egypt’s rule, but Ptolemy preserved Hellenistic civilization..
The Kingdom exploited the Egyptian resources of Agriculture in Ancient Egypt for the benefit of the rulers of Greece. It also controlled the military affairs of the army Military of ancient Egypt, the economic affairs of Industry in ancient Egypt, as well as the political affairs of the state in Social Structure in Ancient Egypt..
But the Egyptians were in control of religious institutions such as funerary Mortuary Temples, as in the Ancient Egyptian religion.
Egypt became so prosperous that it was the richest and most powerful of Alexander’s allies.
A large collection of Ancient Egyptian Papyrus and Egyptian Monuments were found that were written in this era in the Greek language in addition to the Ancient Egyptian Language..
The prosperity of the Ptolemaic era
In the first period of the rule of Ptolemy I, he was facing a large group of greedy wars and rRevolutions in Ancient Egypt to obtain the rule of Egypt..
But Ptolemy was able to prove his presence and was even able to obtain Libya, Syria and Cyprus.
Ptolemy was able to build the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and he was also able to gather the Egyptian and Greek priests so that he could unite them again..
Arts and flourished Music in Ancient Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy II, to the point that the new Library of Alexandria was established, which was one of the largest libraries in the ancient world..
Greek settlements were established in the Ptolemaic era with the aim of being central areas for the Greeks who moved to Egypt and brought Greek culture with them..
In 312 BC, Ptolemy allied with Seleucus and defeated Antigonus’ son at the Battle of Gaza..
But in 311 BC, peace was concluded between the combatants.
Ptolemy shared the rule with his son, Ptolemy II.
Ptolemy I died in 283 BC at the age of 84.
The Ptolemaic rule ended horribly after Cleopatra VII committed suicide and her son, Ptolemy Caesarion XV, was killed..
Monuments of the Ptolemaic Kingdom civilization
- Cemeteries and cemeteries
- The Egyptian Tombs found in the Ptolemaic era were mostly carved underground, and the breadth and depth varied from one cemetery to another..
- Greek cemeteries are considered simple-style cemeteries covered by trees.
- Greek tombs come in two types. The first type is the tombs that come with openings and are found in Alexandria and Fayoum as well. This is the type that was used by the middle class..
- The second type, which is specific to the upper class, is the sofa tombs, which are only found in Alexandria.
Art in the Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Pottery making was the first industry in that period.
- There was also another group of industries in that era, including the ancient Egyptian stone and metal industry “Ancient Egyptian Metallurgy“.
- Egyptian temples in the Ptolemaic era
- Temple of Edfu in Aswan is one of the Pharaonic Egyptian Temples that was built in that period. The temple comes with a group of different designs, including obelisks and various religious scenes..
- Inside the Temple of Edfu, there is a vestibule containing columns with palm heads and The Egyptian Lotus Flower, which are in the style of the Greek era..
- Temple of Dendera in Qena, southern Egypt, is one of the other temples found in the Ptolemaic era. The temple has a courtyard that has no roof..
- Behind the courtyard is the Hypostyle Hall, which is a hall containing 24 huge columns with a set of curtains that are approximately the length of the half of the column..
- This courtyard is an application of Greek culture in ancient Egypt.
Note: Facts and secrets of the history of the Ptolemaic Kingdom Pharaoh kings will be added soon…
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