Hyksos | Facts, History of Ancient Egypt Under the Rule of the Hykso and more about Pharaonic civilization.
Facts and history of the period of the Hyksos occupation of the ancient Pharaonic civilization of Egypt, what are their origins, the most important battles and the Egyptian Pharaohs kings that fought them, and more about Ancient Egypt History.
Hyksos
Where did the Hyksos come from?
The Hyksos are a people with multiple origins, and it is believed that they may have come from the West Asian region, and then succeeded in settling after that in the eastern Delta region at a certain time, and that was of course before 1560 BC.
In Egypt, the arrival of these Hyksos had led to the end of rule in the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt in the Middle Kingdom period in ancient Egypt, the beginning of the rule of King Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep,, and then that second transitional phase in Egypt began in Egypt or Second Intermediate Period of Egypt.
Why did Egypt fall to the Hyksos?
- the entry of the Hyksos into Egypt preceded the migration of the Canaan population.
- Where the Canaanites appeared in Egypt for the first time in history at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty, and that was around the period of about 1800, or as it is likely to count scholars and Egyptology in 1720 BC, and then they had succeeded in establishing an independent kingdom for them to rule in the eastern delta region and the Nile River Valley region.
- Hence, the Hyksos had succeeded in invading the lands of both families Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt and Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and that was around 1650 BC.
- the Hyksos were the reason for establishing the rule of the Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt with King Khyan.
- Not only that, but the collapse of the Thirteenth Dynasty during the Hyksos period caused a vacuum in Ancient Egyptian Government and Social Structure in Ancient Egypt of power and authority over Egypt in the south as in Geography of ancient Egypt.
- This sudden fall may have led to the rise of the Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt with King Merankhre Mentuhotep VI, which was coming from Abydos in Sohag, to the family of Surra, which had been taken from the city of Thebes “Luxor” to be the seat of its rule.
- Accordingly, the Hyksos had conquered both families in the end, but in spite of that, the Pharaonic city of Thebes was excluded from them, in which the invasion of the Hyksos did not succeed except for a very short period of time.
Who pushed the Hyksos out of Egypt?
Since that time, the Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt with King Sekhemre Wadjkhaw Sobekemsaf I had already taken control, with great success, of Thebes, and then succeeded in ruling for some time under a period of peaceful coexistence.
But at the end of that period and that period of time, King Seqenenre Tao Tao, and King Kamose, and with them King Ahmose I from The New Kingdom during Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, also waged a very big war against the Hyksos, and then they expelled the last kings who belonged to them, who is “Khamudi” from Egypt, and that was in the period In 1550 BC.
What race was the Hyksos?
- Hyksos are a group of nomadic peoples who succeeded in entering Egypt through the city of Sinai, where they occupied a period of weakness during the period of the end of the rule of the Pharaonic Middle Kingdom and almost in light of the period of the end of the rule of the Fourteenth Dynasty.
- despite their prowess in wars, none of the history experts and researchers agreed on their origins. But it is more likely that they were people of various Asian ancestry.
- among them were kings and rulers who were of Semitic origin, and that was because some of the names of their kings were Semitic Amorian names, such as Sagheer Har.
- Then they moved from their period of living in the Negev desert to the Sinai Peninsula, from which they were able to enter Egypt.
occupation of Egypt
- The periods of the fierce Hyksos occupation of Egypt had lasted for a long time and reached about a hundred years.
- During that period, they had succeeded in introducing a large number of the most important cultural exports to Egypt, such as introducing a number of new musical instruments as in Music in Ancient Egypt, along with some foreign words.
- The exodus of the Hyksos from Egypt was finally and completely at the hands of the great leader and king Ahmose I then his wife Queen Ahmose Nefertar “Female Pharaohs“, and that was during the periods of the era of the rule of the modern family.
- Those additions were a very important and decisive factor for the success of the modern Egyptian kingdom later, and then Ahmose succeeded in building the Egyptian empire in the Middle East.
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