Rosetta Stone and Ancient Egyptian Language | Facts, Secrets, History Of Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language
The secrets that you did not know before about the discovery of the stone and the reason for its move to London and what are the symbols that have been translated in the civilization of Ancient Egypt, and how Jean-François Champollion came to read hieroglyphic language through stone and more about Ancient Egypt History.
Rosetta Stone | Hieroglyphic Language
Who found the Rosetta Stone in 1799?
The stone was discovered in 1799 AD, when the French army was building the fortress of Saint-Julien, where Officer Boussard or Bouchard discovered it when he found a stone with strange handwriting on it, so he immediately told Jacques-François de Menou “Baron of Boussay, Abdallah de Menou”, who put it at home for two years in the city of Alexandria.
Who cracked the code of the Rosetta Stone?
Commander Napoleon Bonaparte brought the stone to the Egyptian Scientific Institute in Cairo, where he took an interest in the scientific study work of archaeologists Egyptology and ordered those copies of the stone be printed and sent to all parts of Europe to study, examine the writing on and decipher the strange symbols.
The reason for its name is the Rosetta Stone, as it was discovered in a place adjacent to the mouth of the Rosetta branch of the Nile River. There are some interpretations that was discovered lying on the ground.
How did the Rosetta Stone leave Egypt?
British authorities occupied Egypt in 1801 AD and expelled the French from Egypt. They made an agreement, among its terms, that all Egyptian Antiquities in Egypt Archaeological Sites belong to the English state, including the Rosetta Stone, until it was transferred to the Egyptian section of The British Museum in the room of the Archaeological Society.
British authorities were interested in researching and trying to decipher the stone’s Hieroglyphics, so they sent complete copies of the stone to archaeologists in Greece to decipher these symbols.
What are the three writings on the Rosetta Stone?
One of the types of black basalt stone of irregular shape as in Ancient Egyptian Metallurgy, its length is 3 feet and 9 inches, and the width is two feet and 4 and a half inches, and its thickness is 11 inches.
It was discovered that writing is divided into 31 lines of demotic language, 14 lines of hieroglyphic language and 54 lines of Greek language.
How did the Rosetta Stone get translated?
First: The translation of the Greek script in Rosetta Stone:
Father Estephan translated it into French and Masionel, then translated it into Latin, where he explained that the priests of the city of Alexandria inscribed on the stone during the reign of King Ptolemy I “Egyptian Pharaohs kings” to glorify it through the ages.
Second: The translation of demotic writing in Rosetta Stone
Translated by archaeologist Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy Walker in 1802.
Third: The translation of hieroglyphic writing in Rosetta Stone
The physician and archaeologist Thomas Young deciphered the symbols on the stone Shows the extent of development Sculpture in Ancient Egypt, as he proved that the oval ring contains the name of the king and that the name of each Pharaonic king is a compound of alphabetic letters.
Then archaeologist Champollion corrected some of the alphabetic letters of the hieroglyphic language and completed what Dr. Young had done.
Kercher’s opinion knew that the hieroglyphic language is the same as the Coptic language, where the ancient Egyptians converted to Christianity through the apostle St. Mark in the city of Alexandria, where they translated the Torah, the Gospel, and books of religious rituals. From the Greek language.
The famous archaeologist Champollion completely deciphered all the symbols of the stone, relying on his solid knowledge of the ancient Coptic language and the Greek language.
Meaning of inscriptions:
Rosetta Stone includes engravings of the decision of the General Assembly of Egyptian Priests of the city of Memphis at the coronation ceremony of the Pharaonic King Ptolemy V in the ninth year of his reign in 196 BC.
The first part of the stone contains the titles of King Ptolemy V and his relationship with The Egyptian Gods and the extent of his love for the Egyptians and Egypt, then the second part of the blessings and gifts granted by King Ptolemy V to the Egyptians and Egypt.
Hieroglyphic writing system:
Hieroglyphics are written from right to left in case the heads of human or animal images are from right to left, or from left to right if the human heads are turned to the left, but hieroglyphic signs have a particular direction.
Where you will find that references to people are written from left to right or from right to left, and it was developed after that, where the hieroglyphic language is written vertically, and therefore, the reading of the writing on the columns in archaeological temples is according to the direction of the images of people and birds.
And what is the reason for the movement of the stone to London and the meaning of the inscriptions and writing on the stone and the stages of deciphering in Greek, Demotic and hieroglyphics, in addition to learning the hieroglyphic writing system and the alphabetic symbols it contains, with interest in identifying the most important Pharaonic Monuments as in Egyptian Temples and Mortuary Temples.
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The Rosetta Stone and how Champollion came to read hieroglyphic language through stone.
