Ismail Pasha | Facts and history of Khedive Isma’il Pasha Ottoman viceroy of Egypt
the most famous rulers and kings of Egypt in the Ottoman Empire, discover his biography and the reason for his isolation, his most important achievements and works in building the history of modern Egypt and more
Khedive Ismail, a member of the Alawite family that ruled Egypt before he was deposed by the Ottoman Sultan due to pressure from England and France. His reign came with a set of features and features known below, in addition to another set of information about the Khedive.
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Ismail Pasha
When was Khedive Ismail born?
The Khedive was born on December 31, 1830 AD.
When did Ismail Pasha die?
The Khedive died on March 2, 1896, at the age of 62.
Where was Ismail Pasha buried?
The Khedive was buried in Cairo.
Who is the wife of Khedive Ismail?
Khedive Ismail married Shafak Nur Hanim, Jeshem Afat and Jamal Nur Qadin Effendi, as well as Nur Falak Hanim, from the children of Khedive Hussein Kamel and Fuad I, as well as Khedive Tawfiq.
The birth and rise of Ismail Pasha
• Ismael bin Ibrahim Pasha bin Muhammad Ali Pasha, he was born in the Traveler Palace in Khana in Jamaliyeh.
• He is the middle son among Ibrahim Pasha’s sons, who are Ahmed Refaat and Mustafa Fadel.
• Khedive Ismail, from a young age, learned Arabic, Persian and Turkish, and he also learned sports, science, and nature.
• At the age of fourteen, the Khedive went to the capital of Austria, Vienna, to receive treatment for conjunctivitis and to complete his education.
The Khedive settled in Vienna for two years and then went to Paris with the Egyptian mission.
• Khedive Ismail mastered the French language and loved French architecture.
• The Khedive returned to Egypt at the time of his father Ibrahim’s tenure and when Ibrahim died, he was succeeded by Abbas Hilmi I.
• Every Ismail at that time hated Abbas Helmy, who was his cousin, and the feeling was also mutual.
• Some problems occurred after the death of their grandfather Muhammad Ali about the distribution of inheritance.
• After that, the Khedive traveled to Constantinople and was appointed to the Ottoman Empire’s ruling council.
• The Khedive then returned to Egypt after the killing of his cousin Abbas Hilmi and his uncle Muhammad Saeed took over the state.
• His uncle sent him on a political mission in 1855 AD to Emperor Napoleon III, as his uncle wanted to expand the independence of Egypt.
Khedive Ismail took over the rule of Egypt
• Muhammad Said Pasha died on January 18, 1863 AD, and his brother Ahmed Refaat Pasha took over after that.
• Ahmed Refaat was following the steps of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali, and was able to get rid of the restrictions of the London Treaty.
• Sultan Abdul Aziz I issued a firman in which Ismail was given the title of Khedive and amended the system of government by inheritance for the eldest son of the Khedive.
• Khedive Ismail also obtained a full firman by which he was granted independence in ruling.
• There were some exceptions, including paying the annual tribute and concluding any political treaty that must return to the Sultan, as he was stripped of the right to diplomatic representation or the manufacture of armored vehicles.
Khedive Ismail Pasha reforms
• Khedive Ismail made a number of reforms, including the transformation of the Consultation Council into the Consultative Council of Representatives, and the people were given the right to choose their representative.
• Another reform is the judicial reform, which gave local councils the right to consider civil as well as criminal cases.
• The Khedive also limited the jurisdiction of Sharia courts in personal status cases, abolished the consular courts and established alternative mixed courts.
• Among the other administrative reforms that he has undertaken is to transform any of the Diwan into glasses, as well as establishing local councils and setting up an administrative organization.
• Khedive Ismail was able to dig the Suez Canal, Abdeen Palace and the Khedive Opera House, as well as the Qasr al-Nil Bridge.
• The Khedive developed railways and installed water pipes for homes.
• He managed to increase the agricultural area in Egypt, in addition to increasing the cotton lands and establishing a group of factories, including sugar factories.
• He repaired the ports of Suez and Alexandria, as well as excavated the Ibrahimia Canal and the Ismailia Canal.
• He managed to endow a group of lands for the establishment of schools and also assigned Ali Mubarak to draft a law governing the educational system.
• In addition to the establishment of the House of Books and the House of Science, as well as the establishment of the House of Antiquities and the Geographical Society.
• The Khedive was the owner of the first school for girls’ education, the Sunni School.
Khedive Ismail removed from power
• It was noticed that Khedive Ismail had a desire for independence, which led to the concern of the Ottoman Sultan.
• In addition to the greed of England and France to seize Egypt, they put pressure on the Ottoman Sultan at that time, Abdul Hamid II.
• Sultan issued a firman dismissing the Khedive on June 26, 1879 AD.
• The Khedive moved to Naples in Italy 3 days after the issuance of the firman and then moved to settle in Astana.
• After that, the Khedive died in the Emirgan Palace in Istanbul, Turkey, which was considered his imprisonment after his dismissal from the government.
• There is currently a private square for Khedive Ismail, located in Kom El-Dikka in Alexandria, with a statue carved by the Italian artist Pietro Canonica.
• The end of representation was announced on December 4, 1939, and it is located in Al-Manshiyya Square in Alexandria.
