Muhammad Ali Pasha | History, Achievements, Facts, Dynasty
Facts and history of the most important rulers of Egypt and the founder of modern Egypt, and what are his most important achievements for the 40-year rule, secrets about his life, his upbringing, his coming, his accession to the throne, the military campaigns he undertook and more.
Muhammad Ali Pasha or Aziz Egypt is the one who founded the Alawi dynasty, and he ruled Egypt in the period between 1805 and 1848, and he is also the governor of the Levant, Sudan, the Hijaz region and Crete, in addition to Moreh and Tashuz, learn more information about Muhammad Ali Pasha and excerpts about his life.
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Muhammad Ali Pasha
What is the birth name of Muhammad Ali Pasha?
The name is Muhammad Ali Al Masoud bin Ibrahim Agha.
When was Muhammad Ali born?
Muhammad Ali was born on March 4, 1769 in Macedonia, in the Ottoman Empire.
When did Muhammad Ali Pasha die?
He died on August 2, 1849, at the age of 80, and the place of death was Ras El-Tin Palace in Alexandria.
Where is Muhammad Ali’s body buried?
Muhammad Ali was buried in the Mosque of Muhammad Ali located in the Citadel of Cairo, Egypt.
Who are the children of Muhammad Ali Pasha?
Muhammad Said Pasha, Toson Pasha, Ibrahim Muhammad Ali Pasha, Zeinab Hanim Effendi, Ismail Kamel Pasha.
Muhammad Ali’s birth
• Muhammad Ali was born in an area called Qula, which is located in northern Greece, to an Albanian family.
• Muhammad Ali’s father is Ibrahim Agha, the chief of the road guard, and it was said that he was also a merchant.
• Muhammad Ali became an orphan, father and mother, at the age of 14, and was taken care of by his uncle Toson, and after him Al-Shorbagy Ismail, his uncle’s friend.
• Al-Shorbagy played a major role in Muhammad Ali’s entry into the military road.
• Because of the courage and strength of Muhammad Ali, the ruler approached him and his wife with a rich woman, Amina Hanim.
• She bore him Ibrahim, Ishmael, Toson, and two daughters as well.
• The Ottoman Empire then decided to send an army to Egypt to take it from the hands of the French.
• In that period, Muhammad Ali was the head of the Albanian battalion and responsible for 300 soldiers.
• The head of the battalion was the son of Hakim Qula and decided to return to his country before the battalion reached the port of Abu Qir in Egypt.
• After that, Muhammad Ali became the commander of the battalion, and Muhammad Ali was fluent only in Albanian and Turkish.
The advent of Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt
• The French campaign against Egypt failed and withdrew from it in 1801, and this was parallel to the Ottoman encroachment on the Levant and the turmoil of the situation in Europe.
• The Mamluks found that the square in front of them was empty, so they decided to seize Egypt.
• The Mamluks were divided into two parts. The first part was next to the Ottoman forces led by Muhammad Bey Al-Alfi, while the second part was alongside the forces led by Ibrahim Bey the Great.
• According to a treaty called Amiens, the English withdrew from Egypt after the French, and the square was empty in front of the Ottomans, which caused a conflict between them.
• During that period, Muhammad Ali was able to create a rift between them with the help of his Albanian forces, and he courted senior Egyptian men and scholars.
• Muhammad Ali showed his sympathy with the Egyptian people and thus managed to win the love of the Egyptians.
• In 1804 AD, “Ahmed Khurshid Pasha” was appointed as the Ottoman governor of Egypt.
• Khorshid felt that the presence of Muhammad Ali threatened his existence, so he asked him to go to Upper Egypt to control the Mamluks.
• Chaos prevailed in Cairo and Khorshid was unable to control it, and a revolution took place on the part of the Egyptian people.
• The revolution led to the dismissal of Khurshid and the people’s leaders, led by Omar Makram, chose Muhammad Ali as Wali.
Freezer campaign
• England sent to Egypt nearly five thousand soldiers led by Lieutenant-General Fraser to Alexandria.
• The campaign landed its soldiers in Al-Ajami Beach on March 17, 1807.
• The governor of Alexandria, Amin Agha, handed over the city to the forces without resistance, and Frazer learned of the death of their millennial ally.
• He issued a message to Al-Alfi’s allies so that they would come to Fraser in Alexandria, but they waited until they were not accused of treason.
• The goal of waiting for them is to know who is the strongest side so that they are with him no more.
• Fraser decided to capture Rashid and Rahmaniya, and 1,500 soldiers were sent under the command of Major General Patrick Wechop to capture Rashid.
• The army could not enter Rashid because of the civil resistance, but Fraser did not surrender and sent 2500 soldiers for the importance of that city.
• Fraser was able to besiege the city and prevent the arrival of any supplies to it, but that agreed with the return of Muhammad Ali from Upper Egypt and he sent 4000 soldiers and 1500 knights led by “Tabuz Oghli”.
• The commander was forced to withdraw, and Muhammad Ali and his soldiers followed their way to Alexandria and were able to besiege it.
• After negotiations between the two parties, a peace treaty was concluded on September 14, 1807, and the English prisoners were released.
• Muhammad Ali thus got rid of the danger of the British, which was one of the biggest dangers he faced.
• Muhammad Ali also worked to get rid of the popular leadership in order to enjoy absolute rule.
• Despite the role of popular leadership and Omar Makram in the presence of Muhammad Ali as governor of Egypt.
