Muhammad Ali Pasha | Egyptians | Famous Egyptian people History, Achievements, Facts, Dynasty
Facts and Islamic Egypt History, the most important rulers of Egypt and the founder of Modern Egypt Civilization, and what are his most important achievements during his 40-year rule, secrets about his life, his upbringing, arrival, accession to the throne, the military campaigns he undertook, and more..
Muhammad Ali Pasha, or Aziz of Egypt, is the one who founded the Alawite dynasty, and ruled Egypt in the period between 1805 and 1848. He is also the governor of the Levant, Sudan, the Hijaz region, and Crete, in addition to Al-Moura and Tashuz. Learn more information about Muhammad Ali Pasha and excerpts about his life..
What is the birth name of Muhammad Ali Pasha?
The name is Muhammad Ali Al Masoud bin Ibrahim Agha.
When was Muhammad Ali born?
Muhammad Ali was born on March 4, 1769 in the city of Macedonia in the Ottoman Empire.
When did Muhammad Ali Pasha die?
He died on August 2, 1849, at the age of 80, and his place of death was Ras El-Tin Palace in Alexandria..
Where is Muhammad Ali’s body buried?
Muhammad Ali was buried in the Muhammad Ali Mosque located in the Citadel of Saladin in Cairo, Egypt.
Who are the children of Muhammad Ali Pasha?
Muhammad Saeed Pasha, Tosun Pasha, Ibrahim Muhammad Ali Pasha, Zeinab Hanem Efendi, Ismail Kamel Pasha.
The upbringing of Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali was born in an area called Koula, located in northern Greece, to an Albanian family.
Muhammad Ali’s father, Ibrahim Agha, was the head of the road guards, and it was said that he was also a merchant.
Muhammad Ali became an orphan at the age of 14 and was sponsored by his uncle Toson, and after him Al-Shorbagy Ismail, a friend of his uncle..
Al-Shorbagy played a major role in Muhammad Ali’s entry into the military path.
Because of Muhammad Ali’s courage and strength, the ruler approached him and married him to a rich woman, “Amina Hanem.”“.
She bore him Ibrahim, Ismail, Tousun, and two females as well.
The Ottoman Empire then decided to send an army to Egypt in order to take it from the hands of the French.
At that time, Muhammad Ali was the head of the Albanian battalion and responsible for 300 soldiers.
The head of the battalion was the son of Hakim Qula, and he decided to return to his country before the battalion reached the port of Abu Qir in Egypt.
After that, Muhammad Ali became the battalion commander. Muhammad Ali was only fluent in Albanian and Turkish.
The coming of Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt
The French campaign against Egypt failed and it withdrew from it in 1801. This was parallel to the Ottoman advance on the Levant and the turmoil in Europe..
During the Mamluk era, the Mamluks found that the field in front of them was empty, so they decided to seize Egypt.
The Mamluks were divided into two parts, the first part was alongside the Ottoman forces led by Muhammad Bey Al-Alfi, while the second part was alongside the forces led by Ibrahim Bey the Great..
According to a treaty called Amiens, the English withdrew from Egypt after the French, and the field was empty for the Ottomans, which caused a conflict between them..
During that period, Muhammad Ali was able to create a wedge between them by seeking the help of his Albanian forces and courting senior Egyptian men and scholars..
Muhammad Ali showed his sympathy for the Egyptian people and was thus able to win the love of the Egyptians.
In 1804 AD, Ahmed Khurshid Pasha was appointed Ottoman governor of Egypt.
Khurshid felt that Muhammad Ali’s presence threatened his existence, so he asked him to go to Upper Egypt to control the Mamluks.
Chaos spread in Cairo and Khurshid was unable to control it, and a revolution took place by the Egyptian people.
The revolution led to the removal of Khurshid, and the leaders of the people, led by Omar Makram, chose to appoint Muhammad Ali as governor.
Fraser campaign
England directed to Egypt nearly five thousand soldiers led by Lieutenant General Fraser to Alexandria.
The expedition landed its soldiers at Agami Beach on March 17, 1807.
The governor of Alexandria, Amin Agha, surrendered the city to the forces without resistance, and the Frazers learned of the death of their Alfie ally.
He issued a message to the Alfie allies to come to Fraser in Alexandria, but they waited so as not to be accused of treason..
The goal of waiting for them is to find out who is stronger so that they can be with him and nothing more.
Fraser decided to seize Rashid and Rahmaniyah, and 1,500 soldiers were sent, led by Major General Patrick Whischop, to seize Rashid..
The army was unable to enter Rosetta due to civil resistance, but Frazer did not surrender and sent 2,500 soldiers to recognize the importance of that city..
Fraser was able to besiege the city and prevent any supplies from reaching it, but this coincided with the return of Muhammad Ali from Upper Egypt, and he sent 4,000 soldiers and 1,500 horsemen led by “Tabuzoglu.”“.
The commander was forced to withdraw, and Muhammad Ali and his soldiers continued their way to Alexandria and were able to besiege it.
After negotiations between the two parties, peace was concluded on September 14, 1807, and the English prisoners were released.
Muhammad Ali thus got rid of the British threat, which was one of the biggest dangers he faced.
Muhammad Ali also worked to get rid of popular leadership in order to have absolute rule.
Despite the role of popular leadership and Omar Makram in the presence of Muhammad Ali as governor of Egypt.
About Muhammad Ali Pasha
Muhammad Ali Pasha was born in the year 1182 AH in the city of Qula, which is located in Macedonia.
Muhammad Ali’s father is Ibrahim Agha, who died when Muhammad Ali was young, and his mother also died after that, and he became an orphan..
Al-Shorbagy Ismail is the one who took over his affairs after the death of his parents, and Al-Shorbagy is a friend of his father, Ibrahim Agha..
Al-Shorbaji included Muhammad Ali in the recruitment, and here Muhammad Ali showed courage and chivalry.
Muhammad Ali, by Bakhtiar Al-Shorbaji, married a woman named Amina Hanem, and she bore him Ibrahim, Ismail, Tousun, and two female children..
Muhammad Ali worked in trade in 1215 AH.
Muhammad Ali’s life changed when he was selected to join a military force of 300 Albanian soldiers and he was the vice president.
The Ottoman Empire decided to send that military force to Egypt in order to expel the French from it.
The head of the battalion was the governor’s son and he decided to return home, leaving the battalion, and Muhammad Ali became its head after that.
Muhammad Ali led the battalion to participate in the Battle of Abu Qir and won.
He also participated in the Rahmaniya attack. The French campaign failed to confront Muhammad Ali’s attacks and withdrew from Egypt.
Mehmed Ali was promoted to the rank of Major General and appointed commander of 4,000 Albanian soldiers.
The Ottoman governor found that Muhammad Ali’s influence was increasing, especially among the soldiers, and tried to plot against him.
Muhammad Ali preceded the governor and was able to ally himself with Othman Bey al-Bardisi, one of the Mamluk leaders, who was able to depose him in 1803 AD..
Muhammad Ali caused strife among the Mamluk leaders and was able to seize control of Egypt after getting rid of Khurshid Pasha, who tried to get rid of him and send him to Jeddah..
A decree was issued by the Sublime Porte removing Muhammad Ali from the governorship of Egypt and assuming the governorship of Thessaloniki after many conflicts between him and the Mamluks..
Scholars and nobles were sent to the Sultan to court and recommend Muhammad Ali.
Muhammad Ali was able to expel Frazer’s expedition from Egypt in 1807 AD after Al-Bardisi and Al-Alfi died.
Inside Muhammad Ali Mosque
French engineer Pascal Coste was the one who designed the castle in 1820 AD.
The project was stopped and the project was given to the Turkish engineer Yusuf Boshnak in 1830 AD.
The engineer designed the mosque in the Ottoman style, and summoned artists, including Effendi Musa, Hamad, and the teacher Ibram.
There are copper windows inside the mosque that were drawn by Usta Rumi, and Usta Hussein and Haj Ibrahim Al-Inbaawi were also assisted..
Among the Egyptian sculptors who were hired were Hussein Muharram and Ibrahim Hassan.
The marble work was under the supervision of Egyptians, under the contract of Khawaja Simon.
The gold and brass work inside the mosque was done by Björn.
Muhammad Ali Pasha Mosque in Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi Citadel, Cairo, the most important heritage Islamic tourist places in Egypt
In the Citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, Cairo, the University of Alabaster, alabaster from the inside and outside
One of the most important Historical mosques, which is located in the Citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi, and occupies a prominent place in the hearts of Egyptians, is the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, with tall minarets, and the most important mosques of the Ottoman era, which was built by the governor Muhammad Ali Pasha, and has preserved his name until now..
During your visit to Muhammad Ali Pasha Mosque, you can take many wonderful photos, with the wonderful historical buildings, which represent the beauty of Ottoman Islamic architecture..
In the middle of the open courtyard of the Muhammad Ali Mosque, you will notice the presence of a dome for ablution that was built in the year (1263 AH – 1844 AD). It has a wooden shelf and is built on eight marble columns. The interior of this dome is decorated with colorful drawings representing landscapes influenced by the Western style..
Inside this dome, there is another octagonal dome with a marble crescent on which are engraved with relief decorations of bunches of grapes, and it has a colorful engraved pattern on which are written in Persian script, by the calligrapher “Sankalakh,” Qur’anic verses dated to the year (1263 AH – 1844 AD).).
You can enjoy Islamic history when you visit the Muhammad Ali Mosque within the corridors of the castle, while taking many special photos that will remain in your memory forever..
Information on how to visit the mosque:
Visiting hours: Muhammad Ali Pasha Ali Mosque can be entered at the same times as visiting the castle, from 9 am to 4 pm..
A glimpse of Muhammad Ali Mosque
The name Alabaster Mosque is due to the frequent use of marble in its walls.
The mosque was one of the important mosques in that period, so the successors of Muhammad Ali took care of it.
The Caliphs completed the construction of the mosque and even added some additions to it.
The mosque was the seat of annual religious ceremonies.
The mosque was restored during the reign of Abbas Hilmi Pasha I, as well as Tawfiq Pasha and others.
The best and largest restoration of the mosque was during the reign of Fuad I, who was keen to restore the mosque to its ancient glory.
The mosque is now located in a section of the land of Al-Ablaq Palace, which is the section located inside the Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi Citadel.
Note: Facts and secrets of the history of the Pharaoh kings will be added soon…
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